Effect of low temperature crystallization on 58S bioactive glass sintering and compressive strength

Mesoporous glass 58S (60SiO₂, 36CaO, 4P₂O₅ mol.%) has excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and forms strong bonds with bone making it attractive for implants. Mesoporous bioactive glass 58S powder is typically consolidated through sintering in order to produce an implant with sufficient strength to withstand the in vivo loads. However, heating the glass often leads to crystallinity, which is undesirable because it can reduce bioactivity. Hence, there is a trade-off between minimising crystallinity and maximising glass strength. Even at relatively low temperatures, it has been suggested that segregation of calcium and phosphate from silica within the glass can lead to crystallization. In this work, we confirm the occurrence of low temperature segregation in bioactive glass 58S using electron microscopy with elemental mapping. We probe how segregation affects the material properties of post-sintered glasses via comparison to a glass where phase separation is prevented via addition citric acid to the parent sol.     

Upscaled DEM-CFD model for vibrated fluidized bed based on particle-scale similarities

Simulation based on discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), coupled DEM-CFD, is a powerful tool for investigating the details of dense particle–fluid interaction problems such as in fluidized beds and pneumatic conveyers. The addition of a mechanical vibration to a system can drastically alter the particle and fluid flows; however, their detailed mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, a DEM-CFD model based on a non-inertial frame of reference is developed to achieve a better understanding of the influence of vibration in a vibrated fluidized bed. Because the high computational cost of DEM-CFD calculations is still a major problem, an upscaled coarse-graining model is also employed. To realize similar behaviors with enlarged model particles, non-dimensional parameters at the particle scale were deduced from the governing equations. The suitability and limitations of the proposed model were examined for a density segregation problem of a binary system. To reduce the computational costs, we show that the ratio between the bed width and model particle size can be reduced to a minimum value of 100; to obtain similar segregation behaviors, the ratio between the bed height and model particle size is considered unchanged.     

The correlation of texture and magnetic properties in Co-Cr films

This investigation focuses on the correlation between the crystallographic orientation of grains with respect to magnetic properties in Co-Cr films. Based on a distribution measured for the (0002) crystallographic pole densities, modified formulae describing the texture were used to calculate the coercivity Hc, the squareness ratio Rs (Mr⊥/TMs) and the anisotropy field Ha for Co-Cr films. In general, calculated values for the coercive force He agreed well with the measured values. The calculated Rs⊥. values were much larger than the measured ones, however, indicating that the influence of the demagnetizing field and the magnetostriction on the orientation of the magnetization cannot be neglected. On leave from Institute of Computing Technology, Academia Sinica, P.O.Box 2704-6, Beijing, P.R. China.     

扇形段电磁搅拌对82B钢连铸坯成分和组织的影响

进行了结晶器搅拌和结晶器 +扇形段电磁搅拌连铸 82B钢 2 80mm× 380mm方坯的工业试验。结果表明 ,扇形段搅拌降低和改善了铸坯的中心偏析、疏松和夹杂物分布。 82B钢铸坯经扇形段搅拌后 ,中心部位碳含量峰值明显减小 ,碳偏析指数降低 5 7%～ 1 0 8% ,铸坯成分的方差值 (σ)减小 32 %～ 34 9%。     

消除非合金奥贝球铁中锰偏析的工艺

研究了消除非合金奥贝球铁中锰[w(Mn)=0.8%]偏析和不利影响的工艺措施。通过增加硅含量，强化孕育处理，降低奥氏体化温度及等温淬火后进行回火处理等措施，均可消除锰含量增高对组织和性能的不利影响。     

Heavy arsenic doping of silicon grown by atmospheric pressure selective epitaxial chemical vapor deposition

Selective epitaxial Si with a high arsenic concentration of 2.2×10¹⁹ atoms/cm³ was deposited at a high growth rate of 3.3 nm/min under atmospheric pressure. It was confirmed that this method had excellent selectivity and produced films having good crystalline quality, abrupt dopant profiles at the interfaces, and smooth surfaces. The growth mechanism is discussed in terms of the relationship between the effects of arsenic surface segregation and etching by hydrogen chloride.     

Corrosion failure of Zn–Al detonator housing

Some batches of detonator housings made up of Chromium plated Zn–Al alloy were found in an extensively cracked condition after few months of storage at room temperature. An analysis of the failure showed that the cracks were due to intergranular corrosion facilitated by segregation of lead at the grain boundaries. Improper chromium plating further aggravated the corrosion problem. This failure case emphasises the need for strict control of chemical composition for components made from Zn–Al alloy and the process of Cr plating of the components.     

Si相的析出状态对Al—Si合金性能的影响

控制Si相的析出状态,会对Al-Si(1wt％)合金的性能产生不同的影响。本文阐述通过不同的热处理工艺改变了Al-Si(1wt％)合金的机械、物理性能,获得了高形变强化率、高塑性变形能力、高拉伸强度的工艺,还讨论了具有上述高拉伸强度的微细丝在半导体器件应用中所具有的优越性。     

引线框架用铜合金QFe2.5的退火性能

分析对比了QFe2．5合金的红锭和黑锭在不同温度退火后的高、低倍金相组织与力学性能。结果表明：由于第二相分布较均匀，退火后红锭试样的性能变化比较平缓，高温下晶粒较小，轧制时开裂较少；由于Fe的不均匀分布，有较大的铸造应力，高温扩散退火时基体晶粒粗大及晶界上的显微孔洞等因素的综合作用，使黑锭在高温轧制时容易开裂。     

两种Ni-Cr-Co基高温合金的凝固偏析及其对Rayleigh数的影响

利用SEM和EDAX研究了2种Ni-Cr-Co基高温合金GH742和GH738凝固过程中组织、液相成分变化,用图像分析软件测定了各温度下的液相分数,并计算了2种合金凝固过程中液相密度差和相对Rayleigh数变化。结果表明,GH742凝固过程中主要是Cr、Co和Nb的偏析,GH738合金凝固过程中主要是Cr、Co和Ti的偏析;GH742和GH738合金凝固过程中都存在着液相密度反转,后者密度差的绝对值较大;GH738合金相对Rayleigh数绝对值的最大值是GH742的3.5倍,凝固时更易形成黑斑。