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1.
This work developed a computational methodology to evaluate and compare standard fire exposures such as those outlined in ASTM E119 with real fire exposures and determine the difference in the temperature rise of a rail car floor assembly. The real fire exposures simulated in this work were identified in a review of incidents and consisted of a constantly-fed diesel fuel spill, a localized trash fire, and a gasoline spill simulated from a collision of the railcar with an automobile. These realistic fire exposures were applied to a variety of exemplar rail cars representative of single-level and bi-level passenger cars. These floor assembly models exposed to realistic fires were simulated in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The thermal exposure at the underside of railcar provided by FDS was coupled with a thermal model in ABAQUS, which provided the evolution of temperature in different components of the floor assembly. The standard scenarios were simulated for 2 hours instead of the typical 30 minutes to identify the appropriate exposure duration in ASTM E119, which can better represent a real fire scenario. The average and maximum temperatures predicted at the unexposed surface for both scenarios were compared with the threshold values given in NFPA 130. 相似文献
2.
Hugh S. Fairman 《Color research and application》1995,20(1):44-49
In 1993, the American Society for Testing and Materials carried out a field test of newly calculated tristimulus weighting factors. These weighting factors had been calculated by a method proposed by Venable. the test also included a method of correction for bandpass dependence put forth by Stearns. the purpose of the trial was to assess the possible reduction in bandpass dependence introduced by each of these sets of weights. A large number of sets of spectral data were gathered from the cooperators in the field test. Results of integration by the various sets of tristimulus weighting factors were calculated. A total of 15 120 color differences were calculated and statistics were derived to test the probable error resulting from each method of correction. Errors attributable to bandpass dependence were on the order of a few tenths to as much as one CIELAB unit when uncorrected weight sets were used. These errors could be reduced to a few hundreths of a CIELAB unit, and in some cases to a few thousandths of a unit, by employing one correcting strategy or the other. an overall mix of strategies was ultimately chosen to minimize the bandpass dependence over the entire range of weight sets. Utilizing this mixed strategy, the median error introduced into 10-nm integration by bandpass dependence was only 0.004 CIELAB units. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
3.
PVC芯层发泡管除具备实壁管的性能外,还具有抗冲强度高、适用温度变化大、建筑下水隔音等优点,并且节省原材料25%~30%。通过试验确定了生产工艺要点。产品质量达到或超过了等效采用美国ASTM F891同类产品标准的企业标准。 相似文献
4.
Effects of coating thickness and residual stresses on the bond strength of ASTM C633-79 thermal spray coating test specimens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. J. Greving J. R. Shadley E. F. Rybicki D. J. Greving J. R. Shadley E. F. Rybicki 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》1994,3(4):371-378
Wire-arc-sprayed nickel-aluminum is widely used in the aircraft industry for dimensional restoration of worn parts and as
a bond coat for thermal barrier coatings and other top coats. Some repair applications require thick coatings, which often
result in lower bond strength. A mechanism being investigated to ex-plain this decrease in bond strength is the free edge
effect, which includes both coating residual stresses and coating thickness. The layer-removal method was used to determine
experimentally the residual stresses in wire-arc-sprayed nickel-aluminum coatings of different thicknesses. Bond strength
evalu-ations were performed using an improved ASTM C 633-79 test specimen. Finite-element analysis and fracture mechanics
were used to investigate the effects of coating thickness and residual stress state on coating bond strength. 相似文献
5.
Jong-Hyun Hwang Myoung-Seoup Han Dae-Young Kim Joong-Geun Youn 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2006,15(3):328-335
High-temperature wear characteristics between plasma spray coated piston rings and cylinder liners were investigated to find
the optimum combination of coating materials using the disc-on-plate reciprocating wear test in dry conditions. The disc and
plate represented the piston ring and the cylinder liner, respectively. Coating materials studied were Cr2O3-NiCr, Cr2O3-NiCr-Mo, and Cr3C2-NiCr-Mo. Plasma spray conditions for the coating materials were established adjusting stand-off distance to obtain a coating
with a porosity content of ∼5%. It was found that a dissimilar coating combination of Cr2O3-NiCr-Mo and Cr3C2-NiCr-Mo provided the best antiwear performance. The addition of molybdenum was found to be beneficial to improve the wear
resistance of the coating. Hardness differences between mating surfaces were also important factors in determining the wear
characteristics, so that it should be controlled below 300 in Vickers hardness under dry conditions. Adhesive wear accompanying
with metal transfer was a dominant wear mechanism for dry conditions. 相似文献
6.
石油馏分实沸点蒸馏曲线与恩氏蒸馏曲线关系的新数学模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用多种数学模型对恩氏蒸馏曲线与实沸点蒸馏曲线各段温差关系图和50%馏出温度的关系图进行拟合,经分析比较,提出了可用于计算机计算的新数学模型,并进行了公式系数估算和误差分析。模型回归的平均相对误差最小为0.275 864%,最大为4.820 747%。结果表明:新数学模型的计算结果与该曲线给出的数值吻合较好,计算准确度较高,且计算精度明显优于文献模型。 相似文献
7.
主要介绍了ASME规范的内容、版本的变化情况,以及其材料篇中的材料标准与ASTM标准的关系,并针对2004版ASME规范第II卷A篇(铁基材料)中的主要变动情况做了归纳总结和分析,给出了纳入2004版ASME规范第II卷A篇的锅炉和压力容器用的一些新材料情况,和增加的新标准的主要内容。 相似文献
8.
王滨 《理化检验(物理分册)》2004,40(10):528-532
介绍了ASTM E8(E8M)标准中的金属材料屈服强度、屈服点伸长率、均匀伸长率、抗拉强度、伸长率和断面收缩率的测量方法,并与我国相应的标准试验方法进行了比较。 相似文献
9.
S. BENEDICTUS-DE VRIES C. H. L. J. TEN HORN P. C. H. AMENT A. BAKKER 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2004,27(7):585-594
The standard fatigue data‐processing procedure, published in ASTM E647, is not adapted to the use of modern crack length measurement techniques. Because the use of this standard is usually required by journals, the raw data are often reduced to only a few data points. This way valuable information is simply thrown away and mathematical errors are unintentionally made. More importantly, the fact that no satisfactory reduction method exists, has led to destandardization of the processing procedure. Therefore, a new standard processing method is desired. In this paper a new data‐processing method, referred to as the ‘adaptive da/dN method’, is proposed and discussed. This method is suitable for both optical and modern (electrical or automated) measurement techniques as well as modern (computer‐assisted or ‐controlled) processing techniques. The adaptive da/dN method is validated both by data generated with a certain amount of scatter as well as actual experimental data. It shows a more accurate behaviour than the ASTM standards for all data types. 相似文献
10.