Inhibitory effects of rat alpha2 macroferoprotein (alphaMFP), an acute phase globulin, on galactosamine hepatitis.

Refractoriness to Gal N toxicity occurs especially in fetal rats, newborn rats, and in rats after partial hepatectomy. An injury however (laparotomy, incision on the back or ip BaSO₄ suspension), prior to Gal N administration, also inhibits Gal N toxicity. In all these circumstances high levels of rat α₂-macrofetoprotein (α_MFP) occur. This protein is an acute phase reactant and is identical to rat α₂-macroglobulin. α_MFP isolated from the serum of injured rats and then administered to normal rats strongly inhibits Gal N toxicity. When time interval between the preceding injury, provoking α_MFP production and Gal N administration shortens, the inhibiting effects are less and α_MFP production remains low.During resistance to Gal N, the primary and secondary biochemical lesions of Gal N persist and the protecting effect of α_MFP must be due to another mechanism, operating in later phases of cell injury. Very probably this is attributable to the stabilizing effect on membranes of hepatocytic organelles and the plasma membranes. As α_MFP is an acute phase reactant the importance of these proteins to the course of hepatitis must be considered.     

A metacognitive model of social anxiety: Implications for treatment

This article represents an attempt to clarify questions posed by evidence of varying pathways to change in social anxiety. A new perspective is developed which addresses these questions and, importantly, lays the foundation for an innovative treatment approach. Essentially, social anxiety is construed here as the product of a disorganization in which feelings and cognitions (both conscious and preconscious) about the self, about other people, and about the relations between self and others are organized. Specifically, the socially anxious client experiences others autocentrically: that is, in terms of how the other person perceives, evaluates and affects one's own self. The result is a narrowed capacity for experiencing others. The goal of treatment in the new approach advocated here is to allow the individual to understand, appreciate and share the feelings, thoughts and experience of other people. Therapy is directed toward getting clients out of themselves and into other people.     

Subtotal colectomy for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon

This retrospective review of seven patients with completely obstructing cancers of the left half of the colon, in addition to other reports in the literature, suggests that subtotal colectomy with primary ileal

1 Clinical data on seven patients who underwent subtotal colectomy for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon: 1975–1982.

Patient	Age (yr) and Sex	Tumor Location	Hospital Stay	Comments
1	68, F	Decending	10 days	A and W 40 mo postop1
2	71, F	Sigmoid	22 days	A and W 18 mo postop
3	73, F	Sigmoid	…	A and W 5 yr postop
4	66, F	Decending	8 mo	Dead from complications
5	72, M	Sigmoid	11 days	Incidental cecal cancer; A and W 3 mo postop
6	66, M	Sigmoid	28 days	Alive with metastasis 16 mo postop
7	78, M	Left transvers	34 days	Many other polyps; A and W 9 mo postop

1

A and W = alive and well.

proctostomy may be the treatment of choice for those lesions that are technically resectable and located high enough to permit an intraperitoneal ileal proctostomy. The morbidity and mortality is less than that seen with the staged approach and the length of hospitalization is shorter. By eliminating a second or third hospitalization and a temporary colostomy, palliation is better in those patients who ultimately die from recurrent cancer. Furthermore, those patients resected for cure may have increased rates of long-term survival.     

Diffuse lymphoma of the intestines with a monoclonal gammopathy of IgG3 kappa type

Monoclonal gammopathy of IgG₃ kappa type is described in a young man with diffuse lymphoid infiltration of the stomach duodenum and intestines.     

β-sitosterol as a nonabsorbable marker of dietary lipid absorption in man

β-[su14C]Sitosterol was evaluated for its usefulness as a nonabsorbable marker of lipid absorption in intubation studies. A liquid meal, including [su3H] triolein as a marker of absorbable lipid, was used. The β-sitosterol was shown to remain well mixed with triolein in the gastric antrum, validating its suitability for this type of study. In small bowel fluid, the β-sitosterol was shown to partition into the aqueous phase in proportion to triolein and its hydrolysis products. With this system, lipid absorption was shown to take place chiefly in the jejunum in normal individuals.     

The effects of anxiety and response cost manipulations on the eating behavior of obese and normal-weight subjects

Sixty-four normal-weight and obese subjects were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design that assessed the effect of anxiety level and response cost on their eating behavior. The study was conducted in the context of a concept formation experiment. High-anxiety condition subjects were told that correct responses were related to intelligence and that electric shock would be dispensed for errors, while relaxation-inducing instructions were given to subjects in the low-anxiety condition. In addition, half the subjects had access to either tightly wrapped (high-response cost condition) or unwrapped (low-response cost condition) candies. Findings indicated that neither the anxiety or response-cost manipulations affected the number of normal-weight subjects who ate. However, more obese subjects in the low-response cost and low-anxiety conditions tended to eat than did the obese subjects in high-response cost, high-anxiety conditions. The obese were also more inaccurate in estimates of amount eaten. Theoretical and treatment implications of these findings are discussed.