泌尿生殖道炎的病原检查研究

目的　探讨泌尿生殖道炎多种病原学检查的意义。　方法　沙眼衣原体 (CT)抗原检查采用金标法 ,解脲支原体 (UU)和人型支原体 (MH)的检查采用培养法 ,奈瑟淋球菌 (NG)的检查采用革兰氏染色法。　结果　 10 0例被检者中 ,一种病原体阳性率 35 % ,两种或两种以上病原体阳性率 2 9% ,总阳性率达 6 4 % ,一种和多种病原体阳性率之间差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 .82 7,P>0 .0 5 ) ;CT检出率为 16 % ,UU检出率为 39% ,MH检出率为 18% ,NG检出率为 30 %。　结论　泌尿生殖道炎患者解脲支原体和淋球菌的感染率较高 ,可同时由多种病原感染引起 ;对于此类患者有必要同时进行多种病原检查     

腺病毒载体介导的lacZ基因在NG细胞系及大鼠黑质的表达

本实验用标记基因ｌａｃＺ５型重组腺病毒（Ａｄ５ＣＭＶｌａｃＺ）转染培养的ＮＧ细胞系，Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色检测转染效率．在培养的ＮＧ细胞系，当病毒滴度为２×１０８时，转集率达到５０％，当滴度为２×１０９时，转染率达１００％，有较好的量效关系；固定病毒液度为１０１０，培养２～１６ｈ，细胞的转染率随时间延长而提高，有较好的时效关系。将Ａｄ５ＣＭＶｌａｃＺ注射到大鼠黑质部位后，分别于注射后３～１２０ｄ取脑、切片、Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色，发现黑质局部从第７ｄ开始有部分蓝染，第１０ｄ达高峰，注射局部感染率１００％；９０ｄ时开始下降，持续至１２０ｄ；纹状体等其它部位无蓝染．上述结果提示，腺病毒载体介导的标记基因可在培养的神经细胞系和中脑黑质部位高效表达，为进一步开展中枢神经系统退变性疾病尤其是帕金森氏病的基因治疗奠定基础。     

Substance P and somatostatin metabolism in sympathetic and special sensory ganglia in vitro

Mechanisms regulating the content of the putative peptide transmitters, substance P and somatostatin, were examined in several neuronal populations in culture. Substance P levels increased more than 25-fold within 48 h in sympathetic neurons in the explanted rat superior cervical ganglion, and remained elevated for 4 weeks. Identity of the peptide was authenticated by combined high pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay. Veratridine prevented the increase of substance P in vitro, and tetrodotoxin blocked the veratridine effect, suggesting that sodium ion influx and membrane depolarization prevent peptide elevation. Veratridine (or potassium)-induced membrane depolarization released substance P into the culture medium through a calcium-dependent process. Consequently, at least some veratridine effects are attributable to release and subsequent depletion of ganglion peptide. However, the inhibitory effects of veratridine were far greater than could be accounted for by the quantity of peptide released, suggesting a separate influence on net synthesis (synthesis less catabolism) of substance P. Viewed in conjunction with previous in vivo studies, our observations suggest that trans-synaptic impulses, through the mediation of postsynaptic sodium flux, release substance P from sympathetic neurons and also regulate intracellular peptide metabolism. To determine whether the processes regulating substance P in sympathetic neurons reflect generalized mechanisms, a different peptide, somatostatin, was examined in sympathetic neurons; moreover, substance P was examined in a different neuronal population, special sensory neurons in the nodose ganglion. Substance P levels increased significantly in both sympathetic and sensory neurons after explantation, and somatostatin levels increased in sympathetic neurons. In each instance, the increase was dependent upon the presence of the calcium ions. Moreover, these increases were all prevented by veratridine, in a tetrodotoxin-sensitive manner. Our observations suggest that common regulatory mechanisms govern peptide transmitter metabolism in diverse neuronal populations.     

Instructive niches: environmental instructions that confound NG2 proteoglycan expression and the fate-restriction of CNS progenitors

Cellullar deficits are replenished within the central nervous system (CNS) by progenitors to maintain integrity and recover function after injury. NG2 proteoglycan-expressing progenitors replenish oligodendrocyte populations, but the nature of NG2 proteoglycan may not indicate a restricted population of progenitors. After injury, restorative spatiotemporal cues have the potential ability to regulate divergent fate-choices for NG2 progenitors, and NG2 progenitors are known to produce multiple cell types in vitro. Recent data suggest that NG2 expression is attenuated while protein levels remain high within injurious tissue; thus, NG2 expression is not static but transiently controlled in response to a dynamic interplay of environmental cues. Therefore, NG2 proteoglycan expression could label newly generated cells or be inherited by resident cell populations that produce oligodendrocytes for remyelination, astrocytes that provide trophic support and other cells that contribute to CNS function.     

Prognostic factors determining response to antidepressant drugs in psychiatric out-patients and general practice

The outcome of antidepressant drug treatment was measured in 200 patients, 145 seen in psychiatric out-patient clinics and 55 in general practice, after 4 weeks of therapy. The results of the 200 patients taken together suggested that prognosis was largely determined by factors dependent on the natural history of the disorder and that clinical symptoms were unimportant, but when the results for patients in each drug group were analysed separately symptoms were more important than natural history factors. We conclude that clinical symptoms are only important predictors of response to antidepressant drugs when the patients studied are homogeneous with regard to natural history factors, particularly duration of illness.     

Effects of female sterilization: one year follow-up in a prospective controlled study of psychological and psychiatric outcome

A prospective controlled study of the psychological effects of elective interval and postpartum tubal sterilization was carried out on a selected sample of women. Subjects were interviewed pre-operatively (n = 138) and one year post-operatively (n = 116; 83%), using standardized instruments and procedures, including the Present State Examination. No differences within or between sterilization and control groups were found over the follow-up year in the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, which was no higher than would be expected in a general population sample. Beneficial effects of sterilization were reported on a number of psychosexual variables. Adverse effects such as regret or deterioration in marital relationship were rare, but were more likely to occur in postpartum subjects, among whom abdominal pain was also reported more commonly at one year follow-up than pre-operatively. The relevance of "normal" postnatal events and of the role of pre-operative counselling are considered in relation to these findings. Less favourable outcome at one year follow-up was commonly associated with higher PSE scores pre-operatively.     

脱氢表雄酮增强双丁酰环磷酰苷促进细胞分化的作用及可能机制

目的　观察脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA)是否能增强cAMP的类似物双丁酰环磷酰苷 (DbcAMP)促进神经突起的形成和生长及可能的机制。方法　利用NG10 8 15细胞这一具有神经元形态和功能的细胞系 ,在药物处理后 ,倒置显微镜下观察突起的生长状况 ,并测定突起的长度和有突起的细胞数 ;明胶酶谱分析NG10 8 15细胞在药物处理后 ,上清的基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP)MMP 9和MMP 2的分泌和酶的活性的变化。结果　①DHEA和DbcAMP可抑制NG10 8 15细胞的增殖 ;②DHEA可增强DbcAMP促进NG10 8突起生长的作用。Db cAMP可以诱导NG10 8细胞突起的形成和生长 ,而DHEA收稿日期 :2 0 0 4-0 2 -0 3 ,修回日期 :2 0 0 4-0 4-19作者简介 :廖　红 ( 1965 -) ,女 ,副教授 ,博士 ,研究方向 :分子药理、神经药理 ,Tel:0 2 5 83 5 93 3 74;E mail:liaohong5 6@hotmail.com与DbcAMP同时作用 ,NG10 8 15细胞突起的长度明显增加 ,而且有突起的细胞数也明显增多 ,DHEA的剂量越高 ,这种促NG10 8 15细胞突起生长的作用越明显。③基质金属蛋白酶参与神经元的分化。DbcAMP能诱导MMP 9和MMP 2的分泌 ,与之相比 ,DHEA +DbcAMP使NG10 8 15细胞的MMP 9和MMP 2的分泌明显增多 ,且具有剂量依赖关系。结论　DHEA具有增强DbcAMP促进NG10 8 15细胞突起形成和生长的作用     

Polydendrocytes in development and myelin repair

Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells) are a distinct type of glia that populate the developing and adult central nervous systems (CNS). In the adult CNS, they retain mitotic activity and represent the largest proliferating cell population. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulate the fate of polydendrocytes, which give rise to both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. In addition, polydendrocytes actively differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in response to demyelination. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polydendrocyte development, which provides an important basis for understanding the mechanisms that lead to the remyelination of demyelinated lesions.