Electroconvulsive therapy plays an irreplaceable role in treatment of major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder is a serious and common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects more than 350 million people worldwide. Electroconvulsive therapy is the oldest and most effective treatment available for the treatment of severe major depressive disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy modifies structural network changes in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. And it can also affect neuroinflammatory responses and may have neuroprotective effects. Electroconvulsive therapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of major depressive disorder.     

Major hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or colorectal liver metastases. Are we talking about the same story?

IntroductionMajor hepatectomy (MH) is often needed in the curative management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). While similar outcomes could be expected after MH for IHCC and CRLM, outcomes seem worse after MH for IHCC. A better understanding of such differences might help improving perioperative outcomes but comprehensive analysis are lacking.MethodsAll patients undergoing curative intent MH for IHCC or CRLM from 2003 to 2009 were included from two dedicated multi-institutional datasets. Preoperative management and short-term outcomes after MH were first compared. Independent predictors of postoperative mortality and morbidity were identified.ResultsAmong 827 patients, 333 and 494 patients underwent MH for IHCC and CRLM, respectively. Preoperative portal vein embolization was more frequently performed in the CRLM group (p < 0.001). MH in the IHCC group required more extended resection (p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality and severe morbidity rates were significantly higher in the IHCC group (7.2% vs. 1.2% and 29.7% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). Main causes for mortality were postoperative liver failure and deep surgical site infection. MH for IHCC was an independent risk factor for mortality (p < 0.001) and severe morbidity (p < 0.001). After propensity score matching (212 patients in each group), the aforementioned differences regarding outcomes remained statistically significant.ConclusionThis study suggests that IHCC patients are inherently more at risk after MH as compared to CRLM patients. Considering that postoperative liver failure was the most frequent cause of death, preoperative planning might have been inadequate in the setting of IHCC while more complex/extended resections should be expected.     

Mise à jour des croyances et congruence à l'humeur dans le trouble dépressif

Depressive disorder is characterized by a polymorphic symptomatology associating emotional, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. One of the most specific symptoms is negative beliefs, called congruent to mood. Despite the importance of these beliefs in the development, the maintenance, and the recurrence of depressive episodes, little is known about the processes underlying the generation of depressive beliefs. In this paper, we detail the link between belief updating mechanisms and the genesis of depressive beliefs. We show how depression alters information processing, generating cognitive immunization when processing positive information, affective updating bias related to the valence of belief and prediction error, and difficultie to disengage from negative information. We suggest that disruption of belief-updating mechanisms forms the basis of belief-mood congruence in depression.     

“一带一路”倡议布局下培养高等中医药专业人才的对策

培养中医药创新人才是实现中医药传承和国际化的重要条件。但目前中医药专业人才短缺,尤其紧缺精通中医药翻译和国际贸易服务的人才。因此,在"一带一路"倡议指导下,高等中医药院校应积极合理地开设课程,选择教材,建立科学合理的教学模式,完善考试制度,从而更好地培养中医药人才。     

Management of major trauma

Trauma is one of the leading cause of deaths in those <35 years old in the UK. It also has a significant morbidity burden with a subsequent economic impact. There is also a realisation that trauma is having an increasing impact in the elderly population. In the last two decades there have been changes in both the structure of trauma care across the UK, and also in clinical aspects from pre-hospital care to rehabilitation. This article will review the changes that have occurred, including the reasons, and give a broad overview of the immediate management of the critically ill trauma patient.     

The human major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule HLA-E binds signal sequence-derived peptides with primary anchor residues at positions 2 and 9

Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) and mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib antigen, Qa-1, share the same substitutions at two normally conserved positions 143 and 147, which are likely to affect binding of the C terminus of peptides. Qa-1 is able to bind a peptide derived from the leader sequence of H-2 D and H-2 L molecules. We developed a peptide binding assay in vitro to compare the binding specificity of HLA-E with the mouse MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1. We demonstrate that HLA-E binds, although poorly, the peptide which binds to Qa-1 and that it also binds nonamer signal sequence-derived peptides from human MHC class I molecules. Using alanine and glycine substitutions, we could define primary anchor residues at positions 2 and 9 and secondary anchor residues at position 7 and possibly 3.     

TAXUS支架治疗急性冠状动脉综合症的疗效评价

目的评价紫杉醇洗脱冠状动脉支架(TAXUStmBoston公司产品)应用于急性冠状动脉综合症病人的临床疗效及安全性。方法自2003年5月至2004年12月接受TAXUS支架治疗的94例急性冠状动脉综合症患者,观察术后即刻效果、术后6个月心脏性死亡、心肌梗塞、再次血管重建及冠状动脉造影复查情况。病例中包括ST段抬高的急性心肌梗塞27例,非ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死8例,不稳定心绞痛59例。结果支架植入成功率为99%,术中和随访期间无死亡,术后1例出现亚急性血栓,1例晚期血栓致心肌梗塞,另有5例随访中进行了血管重建术,6个月主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率7.4%。术后6～7个月23例的冠状动脉造影复查再狭窄率为13.0%(支架内为8.6%),靶病变重建率为2.7%。结论应用TAXUS支架治疗急性冠状动脉综合症是安全和有效的,支架内再狭窄率明显低于普通金属支架。     

BMP7腺病毒基因转染对骨髓基质干细胞生物学的影响

目的 探讨BMP7腺病毒基因转染对骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)的体外、体内的生物学功能影响.方法 抽取羊的骨髓,分离、培养骨髓基质干细胞.用重组骨形成蛋白7腺病毒(adenovirus bone morphogenetic protein 7;Adeno-BMP7)转染(M.O.I=100)70%～80%融合时的第二代细胞,三天后分别进行透射电镜观察、流式细胞仪检测、Western-blot、钙结节染色以及珊瑚和细胞复合物皮下回植.结果 在体外:细胞超微结构观察显示Adeno-BMP7基因转染后的BMSCs的物质合成代谢功能活跃;流式细胞仪检测表明Adeno-BMP7基因转染对BMSCs的细胞周期无明显影响;Western-blot检测证明转染Adeno-BMP7后的BMSCs有BMP7在蛋白水平上的表达;染色表明转染Adeno-BMP7后的BMSCs可形成较大的钙结节.在体内:转染Adeno-BMP7的BMSCs可明显促进新骨的形成,与没转染Adeno-BMP7的BMSCs有差异.结论 Adeno-BMP7转染可促进BMSCs的体外成骨定向分化,Adeno-BMP7转染后的BMSCs具有更强的体内成骨能力.     

组织工程小血管摩擦力测量方法的研究与应用

目的设计一套用于组织工程小血管内壁摩擦力测量的装置并对组织工程血管的材料进行初步的测量,以验证装置的可靠性和相关结论。方法根据血液动力学的原理,对血管的力学模型进行分析,确定组织工程血管内皮细胞摩擦力的测量方法,从而设计完成整套装置并对弹性元件进行测量,并进行组织工程降解材料聚羟基乙酸PGA构成的管状支架进行摩擦力的测量。结果设计完成了测量组织工程血管内壁摩擦力的实验装置,弹性元件的牵拉力与位移的关系呈良好的线性关系。聚羟基乙酸PGA管状支架的摩擦力随流速的增加而增加。结论测量组织工程血管内壁摩擦力的实验装置是可行的,聚羟基乙酸PGA管状支架的摩擦力与流速基本呈现线性关系。     

抑郁症焦虑症状和焦虑症的抑郁症状

目的　探讨抑郁症和焦虑症的抑郁和焦虑症状的差异 ,为鉴别诊断提供依据。方法　使用HAMD和HAMA对5 5例抑郁症患者和 2 0例焦虑症患者进行评定。结果　 (1)抑郁症组绝大部分为中、重度抑郁 (92 .7% ) ,焦虑症组无一例为重度抑郁 ;(2 )抑郁症组的HAMD总分和除焦虑 /躯体化以外的因子分均显著高于焦虑症组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,(3)抑郁症患者和焦虑症患者的HAMD和HAMA评分均呈显著性正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　HAMD总分有助于鉴别抑郁症和焦虑症。