生物质能利用技术的研究及发展

我国的生物质能资源主要是农业废弃物、禽畜类便和林业废弃物。生物质能的利用方式有:直接燃烧、产生沼气等可燃气、发电、转化为液体燃料和加工成高密度的固体燃料。文中对几种利用方式进行了讨论。     

世界主要国家生物质能战略及对我国的启示

本文总结了世界主要国家生物质能发展战略的特点,分析了生物质能战略制定的要点,为我国生物质能战略的确立提出政策建议。     

浅析我省农业生物质能热电联产综合利用

加快我省农业生物质能热电联产综合利用,既缓解了能源紧张,还可提高农民收入,又能对环境做出贡献,可谓一举数得。     

生物能利用技术探讨

能源开发格局，动力机的系统结构对人类社会的发展起着至关重要的作用，以石油为主的第三代能源正面临着枯竭的危险，生物能作为一种储量丰富．可经济开发的清洁能源越来越受到人们的重视。作为动力机主力军的内燃机也在经受能源危机、环境的考验，鉴于目前状况，从生物技术和仿生技术的角度，结合生物质能的开发利用途径，提出了生物动力机这个概念，并对其做了较为详细的限定描述，阐明了生物动力机和内燃机的本质区别，分析了生物动力机的优点和开发途径。     

Investigating effects of temperature on fuel properties of torrefied biomass for bio-energy systems

Torrefaction of selected agro-residues (rice straw and cotton stalk) was successfully carried out on indirectly heated, batch-type fixed-bed reactor under different reactor temperatures (200–300°C) at a fixed heating rate of 10°C/min. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the rice straw, torrefied at 275°C, exhibited higher mass yield (64%) and energy yield (84%) with better fuel properties, i.e. lower moisture content (1.2%), volatile matters (54.7%), higher fixed carbon (24.8%), and higher heating value (HHV) 18.7 MJ/kg. On the other hand, cotton stalk showed a slightly lower mass yield (56.3%) and energy yield (74.4%) compared to rice star with very high HHV 22.5 MJ/kg torrefied at a relatively lower temperature of 250°C. Interestingly, the lignocellulosic composition showed a drastic increase in the lignin content of rice straw and cotton stalk, torrefied at 275°C and 250°C, respectively, which indicates good binding ability of bio-fuel leading to improved energy density. Our present work gives an insight that the torrefied rice straw and cotton stalk could be a promising biomass feedstock for bio-energy based systems such as biomass pyrolsyis and gasification.     

微藻碳减排与生物质利用技术研究进展

微藻是能进行光合作用的单细胞或细胞聚集体生物，能够高效地吸收CO₂并固定在微藻生物质中，有望在CO₂减排中发挥重要作用。介绍了微藻通过光合作用固定CO₂的机理，综述了影响微藻固定CO₂效率的因素以及微藻生物质的主要利用途径，分析了微藻生物技术固定CO₂实现生物质利用的经济性，为实现“碳达峰”与“碳中和”提供新的思路与方案。     

生物质能发电发展状况及炉前备料系统

介绍了国内外生物质能源产业的发展状况,分析了国内生物质能发电的必然趋势,着重阐述了各类生物质能发电炉前燃料备料系统的工艺流程,指明了生物质能发电工程技术装备的研发方向。     

Acid and Alkali-Resistant Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Smart Protective Suit for Liquid Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Monitoring in High-Risk Environments

Industrialization and anthropogenic activities are expected and unavoidable to consummate the current resources of humankind, which also lead to accidents in the laboratory, chemical plants, or other high risk areas that cause severe burns, or even casualties. Increased casualties in such accidents are due to inappropriate safety measures and prevention. Here, a smart anti-chemical protective suit with a bio-motion energy harvesting and self-powered safety monitoring system is demonstrated, which can protect the body from chemical harm, detect sudden chemical spills, monitor human real-time living signals, and trigger alarms in an emergency. Particularly, a fabric triboelectric nanogenerator (F-TENG), which is fabricated by the all-fiber single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator yarn (SETY), works as the basic elements of the intelligent suit. The SETY with core-shell structured design shows a high sensitivity to the corrosive liquids including acids and alkalis. Furthermore, the working principle of the yarn based nanogenerator that is powered by contacting with acid liquid droplets is demonstrated for the first time. In addition, discretionary thickness, permeability, and any other functionalities are also achieved by taking advantage of the fabric structure. This self-powered smart anti-chemical protective suit equipped with a real time monitoring system will benefit the wearer who works in a very high-risk environment.     

利用甘油制备液体能源的工艺研究

选择一氯乙烷和NaOH用量、反应温度、时间四因子,三水平对制备乙基化甘油进行正交试验,最优化工艺条件为:一氯乙烷和NaOH与甘油的摩尔比量分别为1.25∶1和1∶1,温度120℃,时间8 h;在此条件下,乙基化甘油产量为1.46 g/g甘油。在最优条件下,发现添加3种相转移催化剂能进一步增加乙基化甘油的产率。当四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)添加量(占甘油摩尔量百分比)分别为1%、2%和1.5%时,乙基化甘油的产量分别为1.53,1.58和1.55 g/mL甘油。     

生物炼制与生物催化

讨论了生物炼制的原料、相关技术及需要解决的瓶颈制约，着重讨论了生物柴油的相关问题。对生物催化作了扼要介绍。