吸入短寿命氡子体动物肺组织剂量与体重关系的探讨

本文介绍吸入短寿命氡子体的不同种动物肺组织吸收剂量与体重的关系。实验结果表明,吸收剂量随体重的增加而减小。     

~(141)CeO_2经气管内注入后在肺及淋巴结内的动态分布

本文报告了应用γ放射性测量和放射自显影方法,观察~(141)CeO_2经气管内注入后在大鼠肺及局部淋巴结中动态分布的特点。实验结果表明,~(141)Ce 在肺内与在不同部位、不同个体和单个淋巴结中的分布都是很不均匀的;其滞留量随时间而变化。     

NMR investigation of experimental chemical induced brain tumors in rats, potential of a superparamagnetic contrast agent (MD3) to improve diagnosis

The different steps of development of chemically induced brain tumors were investigated in rats by MRI using a superparamagnetic contrast agent, magnetite-dextran nanoparticles (MD3). Sprague-Dawley strain pregnant female rats were injected intravenously with ethynitrosourea solution at the end of pregnancy. Offspring whelped by the inoculated mother were followed. MRI examinations were performed at 0.5 T. MD3 nanoparticles were injected intravenously at a dose of 5 mg Fe kg^-1 body weight 30 min before rat sacrifice. After sacrifice, histological slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Relaxation times were measured at 40 MHz and 37°. MD3 nanoparticles act differently according to the step of the tumor development. Before tumor appearance, at a step characterized by the presence of abnormal cell clusters, relaxation time T2 increased significantly. The T2-weighted image showed a small increase in signal intensity in the lesion. Image contrast was improved by MD3 nanoparticles injection because of the decrease in healthy tissue signal intensity. The Tl-weighted image did not provide any additional information. In presence of a minute tumor, relaxation times decreased in tumor but increased in surrounding tissue. The Tl-weighted image showed a hypersignal on the border of an hyposignal. T2-weighted image showed a hypersignal in the same area. Signal intensity was not modified after MD3 nanoparticles injection. When new vascular capillaries developed in the tumor, MD3 nanoparticles cross into the cerebral parenchyma. Transmission electron microscopy showed magnetite crystals in this specific area on cytoplasm vesicles of glial cells and in tumor-specific membrane arrangements. On T2-weighted image, the hypersignal consisted of a well defined part and a second more fuzzy part, its signal being extinguished after MD3 nanoparticles injection. Necrotic areas and edema can be discriminated. The use of such a superparamagnetic contrast agent would be helpful in early detection of tumor development and in improving distinction of tumor mass from its vascular environment in patients. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.     

In Vitro Characterizations of PLLA/β-TCP Porous Matrix Materials and RMSC-PLLA-β-TCP Composite Scaffolds

To develop a novel degradable poly (L-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) bioactive materials for bone tissue engineering, β-TCP powder was produced by a new wet process. Porous scaffolds were prepared by three steps, I.e. Solvent casting, compression molding and leaching stage. Factors influencing the compressive strength and the degradation behavior of the porous scaffold, e.g. Weight fraction of pore forming agent-sodium chloride (NaCl), weight ratio of PLLA: β-TCP, the particle size ofβ-TCP and the porosity, were discussed in details. Rat marrow stromal cells (RMSC) were incorporated into the composite by tissue engineering approach. Biological and osteogenesis potential of the composite scaffold were determined with MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone osteocalcin (OCN) content evaluation. Results show that PLLA/β-TCP bioactive porous scaffold has good mechanical and pore structure with adjustable compressive strength needed for surgery. RMSCs seeding on porous PLLA/β-TCP composite behaves good seeding efficacy, biocompatibility and osteoinductive potential. Osteoprogenitor cells could well penetrate into the material matrix and begin cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Osseous matrix could be formed on the surface of the composite after culturing in vitro. It is expected that the PLLA/β-TCP porous composites are promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in prosthesis surgery.     

Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms on cytotoxic activity and cytokine production of intestinal lamina propria leukocytes does not necessarily depend on β-glucan contents

We evaluated the effects of seven mushroom extracts (Grifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Panellus serotinus, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Armillaria mellea, and Flammulina velutipes) on cytotoxic activity and cytokine production of lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) isolated from rat small (S) and large (L) intestinal mucosa. Boiling water extracts from seven species of mushrooms showed no direct cytotoxicity against the YAC-1 target cells. However, prominent increases of cytotoxicity were observed in S- and L-LPLs co-cultured with P. serotinus extract. Cytokine production (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-12 p70, and IL-4) of S- and L-LPLs was stimulated in response to P. cornucopiae extract. Mushroom extracts contributed to target cell adhesion and/or cytokine production in the effector cells. The promotion of cytotoxic activity in S- and L-LPLs was not necessarily related to β-glucan content of the mushroom.     

Elevation of plasma levels of L-dopa in transdermal administration of L-dopa-butylester in rats

To increase delivery of L-dopa in its transdermal absorption, a new lipophilic derivative of L-dopa, L-dopa-butylester, was synthesized. An in-vitro study employing two-chamber diffusion cells, in which the excised rat abdominal skin was mounted, revealed that, in the presence of L-menthol and ethanol, L-dopa-butylester penetrated in its original form more effectively than L-dopa. L-Dopa-butylester sheets were made by immersing wiper sheets in methanol containing the compound, and then evaporating the methanol. An extraction study of the compound from the sheets revealed that its stability was maintained for at least 12 weeks. In an in-vivo cutaneous absorption study, an L-dopa-butylester sheet was attached to the shaved rat abdominal skin. A hydrogel containing L-menthol and ethanol was spread on vinyl tape, and this sheet was placed over it. In plasma, the L-dopa level rose linearly between 30 and 180 min after the cutaneous application; L-dopa-butylester was not detected. The L-dopa level was higher than that in which L-dopa was applied. These findings indicated that the lipophilic nature of L-dopa-butylester further increased its penetration through the skin, and that L-dopa-butylester that was taken up into the general circulation system was rapidly converted to L-dopa by hydrolysis in the body.     

Measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times of colon cancer metastases in rat liver at 7 T

The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of colon cancer metastases in rat liver at 7 T. A dedicated RF microstrip coil of novel design was built in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and, in combination with respiratory triggering, to minimize motion artifacts. T₁- and T₂-weighted MR imaging was performed to follow tumor growth. T₁-weighted images provided a good anatomical delineation of the liver structure, while the best contrast between metastases and normal liver tissue was achieved with T₂-weighted images.Measurements of T₁ and T₂ relaxation times were performed with inversion recovery FLASH and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill and inversion recovery FLASH imaging sequences, respectively, for quantitative MR characterization of metastases. Both the T₁ and T₂ of the metastases were significantly higher than those of normal liver tissue. Further, an increase in the T₁ relaxation time of the metastases was observed with tumor growth. These findings suggest that quantitative in vivo MR characterization provides information on tumor development and possibly response to therapy, though additional studies are needed to elucidate the correlation between the changes in relaxation times and tumor microenvironment.     

复方芍根口服液防治放射性食管炎的实验研究

将Wistar大鼠随机分为7组:正常对照组,单纯照射组,复方芍根口服液正常剂量预防组(照后当天给药),复方芍根口服液大剂量预防组(照后当天给药),复方芍根口服液正常剂量治疗组(照后7天给药),复方芍根口服液大剂量治疗组(照后7天给药),西药治疗组(照后7天给药).用60Co γ射线一次性局部照射43 Gy诱导大鼠食管炎的发生,然后采用不同方式治疗.观察各组大鼠的饮食和饮水情况,体重变化情况;于照后14天处死大鼠,进行白细胞计数及分类,制作食管的组织病理切片,观察各组大鼠食管粘膜的组织病理改变及细胞器超微结构的改变情况.结果表明,复方芍根口服液及西药对食管的放射性病理损伤均有一定治疗作用.复方芍根口服液正常剂量预防组的细胞器恢复正常.复方芍根口服液预防、治疗组与单纯照射组相比饮食量和饮水量均增加,尤以中药大剂量预防组饮食、饮水量增加明显.西药治疗组与单纯照射组相比饮食量略下降,白细胞总数、淋巴细胞分类下降.复方芍根口服液各给药组与单纯照射组相比可提高淋巴细胞百分数.复方芍根中药口服液具有治疗放射性食管炎的作用,具有在临床推广的价值.