弗里德里希的法哲学思想解读及其启示

弗里德里希教授认为,西方宪政论有着深厚的宗教根源,但这并不意味着立宪政府的生成以存在一种宗教和哲学的支持为先决条件,也不表示当一种原先培育宪政论成长的宗教和哲学意向消亡时,该立宪政府就失去了存续的依据。理由在于西方宪政论完成了从对宗教的超验正义的信仰到对人的尊重的正当性资源的转换。弗里德里希教授的法哲学思想对中国宪政建设具有深远的启示意义。     

In the Pursuit of Pleasure: The Not so Fleeting Life of the Pavilion and its Ilk

Author and architecture critic for the London Evening Standard, Robert Bevan reflects on the enduring appeal of the temporary structure, speaking ‘to a latent desire for freedom and movement’ as a hangover of our nomadic past in a sedentary ‘civilised’ society. He highlights the type's historical apex in Henry VIII's palatial pop-up on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, questioning the purpose and purposelessness of more recent examples.     

Evolving Patterns: Correlated Systems of Interaction

Over the last four decades, the onset of computation has enabled architects and designers to employ generative patterns in their exploration of emergent social, material and spatial systems. Theodore Spyropoulos provides an overview of the field and discusses how it has been developed by the Design Research Lab (DRL) at the Architectural Association into an ‘Adaptive Ecologies’ agenda. In the context of parametric urbanism, the DRL has explored models of living through behavioural patterns found in nature, examining the role of the singular and the collective. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

City as Political Form: Four Archetypes of Urban Transformation

Pier Vittorio Aureli focuses on the category of archetype as an alternative to the idea of type. Four examples – the axial streets of Renaissance Rome, the 17th-century Parisian place, the 19th-century independent block in Berlin and the 20th-century Viennese superblock – are explored here to describe the emergence of modern urban forms that explicitly embody power relations.     

Techniken der Vermittlung

  Techniques of Mediation. Chemistry as a Combination of Work, Teaching and Research: the Case of J. F. A. G?ttling A typical career of a chemist in Germany around 1800 consisted of being trained as an apothecary, followed by an occupation as a professor at a university or another institution of higher education. These conditions deeply influenced the concept and the practice of chemistry as a science. Johann Friedrich August G?ttling is an intriguing example for merging education and daily duties of teaching with the self-image of a scientific chemist. He linked chemical teaching, work, and research by using different hybrid media, such as the Almanach oder Taschenbuch für Scheidekünstler und Apotheker, a stove specifically designed for the narrow student’s room, portable laboratories, a pharmaceutical boarding school and textbooks. This allowed him to practice three different forms of chemistry as a science. A “socio-epistemological diagram” of German chemistry around 1800 shows that these forms neatly corresponded to the then predominant three-level epistemology. In particular, the concept of a chemical fact served to link pharmaceutical practice with teaching practice, while granting only the chemistry done by professors the status of a science.

     

Don't Waste Your Time in the Countryside

With the countryside becoming ever more sparsely populated as fewer people are needed to keep rural enterprises running, is there any point in engaging architects there? Patrik Schumacher , partner at Zaha Hadid Architects, argues that their time and skills are put to better use in cities, where buildings impact a far greater number of individuals and their social and cultural functionality is more important. Engineers, meanwhile, are perfectly equipped to devise generic solutions for the rural realm.     

Berlin's empty heart

In the early 1990s, all the energy and enthusiasm for the newly unified western and eastern Europe seemed to centre on Berlin, and the reconstruction of the city's Potsdamer Platz in particular. Now, well over a decade later, with the completion of the Beisheim Center, the final piece in the redevelopment of the Platz is in place. Howard Watson asks why, at a time when Berlin is being hailed as one of the most vibrant and artistic cities in Europe, there should be a vacuum at its very heart. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wild City: MVRDV - Weaving Nature and the Urban

Architect Marta Pozo Gil , who leads the Sustainability Department at MVRDV, draws on a correlation between people's retreat indoors, with urban populations becoming increasingly divorced from nature, and the growing ambitions for ‘green’ cities and the ensuing benefits they bring to our quality of life. How might it, though, be possible to realise such a vision? Pozo Gil describes some of MVRDV's lesser-known projects that weave nature into the city.