在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。     

苹果角质层的组分特征及其对甲萘酚的吸附作用

为能够准确预测有机污染物在植物角质层上的吸附行为,用化学方法(脱蜡、皂化、酸解)分离得到7种苹果角质层组分,探讨了角质组分对甲萘酚的吸附特征及其与结构组成之间的关系.结果表明.苹果角质层由44.7%蜡质、34.6%角质单体、13.6%糖类、7.5%生物高聚物(cutan)组成,脱蜡、皂化脱角质单体后角质组分的极性指数((O N)/C)增大,而酸解脱糖后(O N)/C则减小.角质层组分对甲萘酚的等温吸附曲线均呈非线性(N=0.551～0.918),而高浓度时的等温吸附曲线则呈线性,表明植物角质与有机物的相互作用除了分配作用之外,还存在其它的特殊作用.苹果角质层(ACI)对甲萘酚的吸附系数(Knc)为442,脱蜡、脱糖后角质组分的KDC.值增大,而脱角质单体后Kuc值则大大减小,表明角质单体是主要的吸附介质;蜡质、角质单体、糖类组分对角质层吸附行为的影响存在交互作用.角质组分的Koc值随其(O N)/C变化出现"峰值",意味着甲萘酚与角质组分之间的相互作用存在最佳的极性匹配.     

低纬高原大气电场特征及其在预警中的应用

通过对2006年7月- 2007年6月云南地闪定位网探测资料和玉溪大气电场仪资料分析,研究了高原晴天大气电场和雷暴天气过程的电场演变特征.结果表明:高原晴天大气电场具有明显的日变化和月变化特征.低纬高原地区雷暴云具有偶极性和三极性两种结构,但大多数雷暴具有偶极性电荷结构,不同电荷结构的雷暴云的放电特征不同,偶极性时主要为负地闪,地闪活动较活跃；三极性时主要是正地闪,地闪活动较少.根据雷暴云近地面电场变化特征,探讨了大气电场仪预警地闪的方法,首次提出极性变化预警法,其命中率和提前预警时间都明显优于阈值预警法.     

焦化废水中不同极性组分的光谱分析及可生物降解特性

焦化废水是典型难降解工业有机废水,构成其成分的复杂及种类的繁多使其难以实现高效的生物降解过程,制约了水处理的水质达标.为了探明其中生物降解强抑制组分,采用DAX-8大孔树脂将焦化废水分离出疏水酸性组分(HOA)、疏水碱性组分(HOB)、疏水中性组分(HON)和亲水性组分(HIS)等4种极性不同的组分,分析了各组分的有机物含量分布,紫外吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱,并用两种方法考察了各组分的可生物降解性能.结果表明,HOA是主要的有机组分,其COD和TOC分别占比55.9%和56.8%;HOA也是主要的芳香物质及荧光组分,而HON是芳香构造化程度最高和类腐殖质占比P(Ⅲ+Ⅴ)最高的组分;各组分的BOD5/COD值及脱氢酶活性的抑制结果显示其难降解程度依次为HONHOBHIS原水HOA,而HON是焦化废水中生物抑制最强组分,其BOD5/COD值仅为0.21±0.02,对脱氢酶活性的抑制达到38.5%;SUVA和P(Ⅲ+Ⅴ)与可生物降解性的关联分析发现,焦化废水中难降解组分并不都是芳香性化合物造成的,类腐殖质对其中难降解有机组分的指示作用相比SUVA更加灵敏.     

土壤相对表观极性及其对有机污染物吸附的影响

以干土壤做气相色谱固定相,用测定气相色谱固定液相对极性的方法,测定了广州、四川云阳、太原、乌鲁木齐等地区的６种土壤相对表观极性（SRP）,及其基本性质。结果表明：ＳＲＰ（ｙ）与土壤有机质含量（x₁）、［O＋N］含量（x₂）呈正相关,与粘粒（＜0.01mm）含量（x₃）呈负相关,其关系式为y＝54.2705+17.7698x1+0.1834x₂-0.2014x₃,相关系数γ分别为0.9980、0.9463、-0.8792（n＝6,p<0.05）;随着SRP值的增加,萘和硝基苯的有机质吸附系数K_(om)下降。     

基于空气负离子浓度的建筑室内空气清洁度评价

对深圳某办公楼部分房间的空气负离子浓度分布进行了观测研究,利用空气离子单极系数和安倍空气离子评价指数对不同设备制冷的办公室空气质量进行了评价分析。结果表明:自然通风状态下的空气清洁度比机械通风状态下高,利用可再生能源制冷技术的室内空气质量比普通空调制冷技术的好,放置负离子发生器对室内空气质量有显著提高。因此提高室内负离子浓度可以创造舒适的空气环境,并建议把空气负离子浓度列为室内环境的监测和评价指标,为今后城乡建设规划、城市林业规划和环境能源保护提供科学依据和设计思路。     

The relentless progress of commodity exchanges in the establishment of primary commodity prices

A continuously expanding group of commodities are being priced on commodity exchanges. This paper explains the causes to the increasing preference of exchanges as pricing instruments. It also provides the detail of the shift in the 1970s and 1980s from producer determined prices to prices set by commodity exchanges for three major commodities—aluminum, nickel and petroleum.     

Building partnerships — the Ohio Materials Exchange

This paper discusses a method by which individuals working in government, private business, not-for-profit and educational organizations developed a collaborative statewide program involving the exchange of materials from manufacturers, commercial business and not-for-profit organizations in Ohio.     

二氧化硫对人体血淋巴细胞的遗传毒理效应

本文对某硫酸厂接触二氧化硫（ＳＯ＿２）４０名工人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变（ＣＡ）、姊妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）、及微核（ＭＮ）进行了分析。结果表明，接触ＳＯ＿２的工人其ＣＡ、ＳＣＥ及ＭＮ均显著高于对照组。本文也分析了ＳＯ＿２在体内的代谢产物──亚硫酸氢钠对淋巴细胞的遗传毒理效应。结果指出，亚硫酸氢钠可诱发人血淋巴细胞ＣＡ，ＳＣＥ及ＭＮ，且有明确的剂量效应关系。这些研究证明，ＳＯ＿２确是人血淋巴细胞染色体断裂剂和基因毒性因子；ＳＯ＿２与癌症的关系值得进一步研究。     

Community Exchange and Training in the Suid Bokkeveld: A UNCCD Pilot Project to Enhance Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management

Community knowledge exchanges have played a key role in developmental processes in the Suid Bokkeveld community of South Africa. Two exchange visits were undertaken with the support of the Department of Agriculture and an NGO, the Environmental Monitoring Group, which have led to local economic development and enhanced capacity to manage natural resources in a sustainable manner. These pilot projects were undertaken within the framework of the Community Exchange and Training Programme of the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The methodology applied included facilitation to develop a community-based vision for development, in terms of which the community exchange process was designed. A Facilitation Team of service providers conducted preparatory workshops, and identified potential partner communities. Two exchange visits were carried out, one focused on Rooibos production and marketing, and the other on community-based eco-tourism. Following report-back and planning workshops, emerging community-driven initiatives were supported through their formative stages. The initiatives have not only resulted in enhanced livelihoods, but the methodology has also been applied widely in a number of different contexts.