处理含苯废水的吸附实验研究

本研究针对化工行业含苯废水予处理困难之现状，利用高效新型吸附剂，对含苯废水进行动态吸附实验研究，以测试吸附柱在不同条件下的吸附量，并获得最佳运行方式。     

秦山核电站邻近水域海水光的穿透性能变化研究

本文运用水体可见光的传输机理，讨论了光的传输特性与水中悬浮泥沙，色素和黄色物质的定量关系。同时简述了在秦山核电站邻近海域１９９５年１０月￣１９９６年７月间４个航次的有关水光学特征现场测量过程和实验室分析方法。最后，通过水体中太阳光透透深度和真空层，研究了该邻近海域的光穿透性能的季节性变化。研究表明，核电站运行以来，秦山核电站邻近海域水的光穿透性能变化很小。     

活性炭纤维填充床脱除工业废水中氯苯酚的实践

采用了活性炭纤维吸附法净化水中微量的氯苯酚。在25℃和35℃下，实验测定活性炭纤维吸附氯苯酚的吸附平衡等温线．该吸附等温线符合Langmuir型。水溶液的pH值将影响吸附容量。在碱性条件下吸附容量显著下降。这将有利于吸附剂的再生。测量氯苯酚在活性炭纤维填充床的穿透曲线．在5％突破点处的动态吸附容量为0．23kg(氯苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在25℃下。采用40℃、5％NaOH溶液再生被氯苯酚饱和的活性炭纤维填充床。再生后吸附效率达93％以上。     

火电厂浮升烟流穿透模型分析

通过对现有浮升烟流穿透模型的分析,考虑了非均匀层结大气对烟流抬升的影响,提出了一个较为合理的穿透模型,区域性火电厂实例计算结果表明它是有效的.因此,该模型为大型火电厂环境影响评价提供了一种估算浮升烟流穿透过程的实用方法.     

微型反应柱在含铬废水处理试验研究中的应用

针对镀铬车间废水,采用活性炭吸附处理法对Cr6 和Cr3 的去除效果进行了系统的试验.通过微型反应柱集成装置对穿透时间、吸附容量及活性炭再生方法进行了研究,动态试验表明该装置能有效地处理含铬废水.     

微波生物效应与人体健康

自从18世纪以来,科学家就对电磁场(EMFs)和各种生命过程的相互作用产生浓厚的兴趣.他们的注意力主要集中在不同频率范围内的电磁场,其中微波是电磁波谱重要的组成部分.微波本质是一种频率在300MHz至300GHz之间电磁波,相应的波长区域为1m至1mm.它具有波动性、高频性、热效应和非热效应四大基本特性.微波不仅能够穿透到生物组织内部,使偶极分子和蛋白质的极性侧链以极高的频率振荡,增加分子的运动,并可导致热量的产生,而且能够对氢键、疏水键和范德瓦尔斯键产生作用,使其重新分配,从而改变蛋白质的构象与活性.微波与生物组织的相互作用主要表现为热效应和非热效应.由于极其缺少有关微波和生物体系相互作用机理的信息,确定和评价微波的生物效应又很复杂,因此,在物理和工程学界一直对微波的生物效应存有争议.     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

缙云山3种典型森林降雨过程及其氮素输入

选取重庆缙云山的常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和针阔混交林为研究对象,于2012年5~10月对大气降水、穿透雨和树干径流等降水过程及其氮素输入进行研究.结果表明:①研究期间总降雨量564.88 mm,常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和针阔混交林的穿透雨量占总降雨量的比例分别为74.0%、85.0%和71.6%,且树干径流量所占比例分别为1.9%、10.3%和1.6%;3种林分的穿透雨量、树干径流量与林外降雨量之间均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05),且穿透雨率、树干径流率与林外降雨量之间都呈对数关系(P<0.05).②与大气降水相比,穿透雨和树干径流的NO-3和NH+4浓度要高,且3种林分的大小关系为针阔混交林>常绿阔叶林>毛竹林;穿透雨和树干径流的总无机氮输入量(以N计)分别为针阔混交林(18.93 kg·hm-2)、常绿阔叶林(14.93 kg·hm-2)和毛竹林(15.31 kg·hm-2).③3种林分的无机氮输入量与穿透雨量、树干径流量之间均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.05).     

甲烷吸附塔模拟装置阻火性能的实验研究

为了研究甲烷变压吸附提纯装置工作过程中的安全性,研制了甲烷吸附塔阻火性能模拟试验装置.通过改变吸附层厚度、空间位置和工作压力,测试点火引爆后的压力和温度,得到了爆炸火焰穿透介质层的规律,并按照各个因素对火焰穿透性能的影响建立了指数评价公式模型,根据该模型可以判断甲烷吸附塔内发生火焰传播的可能性.