SPE-GC-MS方法分析城市生活污水中多氯联苯的研究

要得到城市生活污水中多氯联苯的准确含量,必须选择合适的前处理方法.采用C18固相萃取柱富集生活污水中的PCBs,选择最佳用量为10 mL的组合萃取剂丙酮+正己烷(体积比为1∶1)进行萃取,结合浓硫酸洗涤、硅胶柱层析净化和无水硫酸钠干燥的方式深度提取PCBs;以EPA推荐的7种PCBs为外标物,采用GC-MS法对样品中的PCBs进行定性和定量分析.结果表明:城市生活污水中7种PCBs总量为27.75 ng/L.分析方法的相对标准偏差为1.6%~8.8%,回收率为84%~103%,检测限达到0.014μg/L.     

多氯联苯在我国环境介质中的分布

持久性有机污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)在我国环境介质中广泛分布,能够在水体、大气环境、沉积物、生物体内以及土壤中检出。总结了我国环境介质中PCBs的污染水平及其特点,评价了其存在的环境风险。结果表明:我国水体已经普遍受到PCBs污染,部分海湾、河口(如大亚湾、闽江口以及海河等)污染比较严重;我国大气PCBs污染处于中等程度,夏季大气中PCBs浓度一般高于冬季;沉积物中PCBs大多处于较低生态风险水平,但珠江三角洲等部分地区PCBs含量在不断增加,潜在生态风险较大;我国生物体和土壤中PCBs含量较低,污染生态风险较小,但部分地区生物体内PCBs含量较高,长期食用存在较大的生态风险。     

拓扑距离特征指数对多氯联苯的QSPR研究

根据分子拓扑理论,提出1种新的多氯联苯(PCBs)化合物分子中,顶点原子(基团)点价值δ_i的计算方法,据以构建分子的结构参数——拓扑距离特征指数(TDEI);同时考虑分子体积以及氯原子在苯环上的位置和数目对PCBs性质的影响,引入分子体积参数(V_R)和基团定位指数(D),然后,采用多元线性回归法,分别建立了PCBs的正辛醇-水分配系数(lgK_(OW))和水溶解度(-lgS_w)的定量结构-性质相关模型,其相关系数分别达到0.9972和0.9730,均优于前人的工作。利用模型预测另外7个PCBs分子的lgK_(OW)和-lgS_W,预测值与实验值的一致性令人满意。     

多氯联苯（PCBS）分配系数的估算和预测

基于烷烃分子距边矢量,将以原子为基准的距离－边数 量扩展为以基团为基准的距离－边数矢量。研究发现新分子距边矢量与多氯联苯正辛醇／水分配系数的对数有很好的线性关系：ｌｏｇＫｏｗ＝４．１０８８４＋０．５２４２３７ｕ１－０．０９２９０６２ｕ２ｎ＝３７,ｒ＝０．０９９０８,Ｓ＝０．１７７５,ＥＶ＝０．９８１１,Ｆ＝１８６８。     

Non-dioxin-like PCBs: a survey on fishery and aquaculture from the Mediterranean area

A sampling campaign from 21 sites in Italy was conducted: 15 species from fishery and three species from aquaculture, for a total of 40 determinations, were considered. A careful sample preparation preceded the instrumental analysis that was carried out by means of GC–ECD and GC–MS. Good laboratory practice was achieved by the participation in proficiency tests, by the use of certified reference materials and by applying other directives recommended by international organisations. Concentrations measured in this work were compared with a TDI proposed by some international bodies: for a person weighing 70 kg one-third of the samples from fishery, when consumed, lead to exceed this TDI if the average fish daily consumption per capita is considered. Based on the data obtained here some hypotheses on environmental spreading and influence of PCBs on human health are made. Some suggestions about the preparation of fish for consumption are also given.     

无机盐离子对鼠李糖脂增溶多氯联苯的影响研究

探讨了几种具代表性的无机盐离子对鼠李糖脂(RL)增溶2,2’,4,4’-四氯联苯的影响。结果表明,适当增加Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+的浓度对RL增溶2,2’,4,4’CB有显著的促进作用,且Mg2+的促进作用比Na+的大,但当Mg2+浓度大于0.8 mmol/L时,促进作用减弱。当Ca2+浓度超过0.2mmol/L时,RL开始产生沉淀,导致RL对2,2’,4,4’CB的增溶作用逐渐降低。无机阴离子对RL增溶2,2’,4,4’CB的影响很小。     

Gas Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Methods,Metabolisms, Enantiomeric Composition in Environmental Samples and their Interpretation

The year 2016 not only marks the 50^th anniversary of the first successful discovery of gas chromatographic (GC) enantiomer separations in 1966 by Gil-Av, but also the less appraised 50^th anniversary of the discovery of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. This article reports on GC enantiomer separations of axially stable, chiral PCBs (PCB atropisomers) with modified cyclodextrins. Nineteen atropisomeric PCBs exist, but most data exists for four PCB atropisomers (PCB 95, PCB 132, PCB 149, and PCB 136), which can be resolved without significant coelutions on three columns coated with modified cyclodextrins. Nonracemic compositions of PCB atropisomers and their hydroxylated metabolites have been documented in various studies. However, the measured enantiomer fractions are currently difficult to interpret und understand. The most plausible reasons for these difficulties are discussed and interpreted with the help of selected examples from the literature.     

Persistent organic pollutants in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax,Linnaeus, 1758) from Sicily (Italy)

Farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus, 1758) were collected during 2016 from one Sicilian fish farm that uses two different rearing systems – sea cage and concrete tank – for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) residues by HRGC-MS/MS. Moreover, commercial feed was analysed. This study aimed to determine whether the different rearing systems affect the concentration of these compounds, and to assess the safety of cultured fish. PCBs represent the pollutants with the highest concentration; in particular, PCB138 and 153 have the highest concentration in almost all samples. Among OCPs, only 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDD and 4,4′-DDT residues have been detected. Concerning PAHs, only fluorene and phenanthrene were detected, in both rearing systems. Although some residues of organic pollutants were found in the analysed samples, they were always below the MRLs, so the results suggest that farmed sea bass are safe for human consumption.     

Studies on the dechlorination and detoxificaton of organochlorine compounds. I. PCBs and PCNs

In the analysis of organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), levels of, for example, PCB concentration are often expressed as a ‘total PCB’ value, using a straight GC pattern-matching technique with electron capture detection. Such methods provide little information about the identity of the individual components. In the present study, preliminary investigations using dechlorination with a NiCl₂/NaBH₄ catalyst indicated that the technique offered a comprehensive method for the analysis of PCBs and PCNs, as well as a method of detoxification of the ‘priority pollutants’ . This paper reports the use of capillary column GC-MS with an ion trap detector (ITD^TM) for the analysis of a number of PCBs and PCNs, including the commercially produced Aroclor 1254 and 1221, employing this dechlorination technique.     

满足高性能多层印制板的设计

如今PCB不仅仅是简单担当起一个电子互连的角色。就它自身的合适与否来说,它是一个涉及多方面的、专门的组件。为了能够满足复杂、高速PCB组件的降干扰、增加抗干扰能力,以及改善和提高信号的质量,一个设计团队扮演着非常重要的角色。