Replacement of Dietary Fish Oil with Vegetable Oils Improves the Growth and Flesh Quality of Large Yellow Croaker （Larmichthys crocea）

We investigated the effect of the replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable oils on the growth and flesh quality of large yellow croaker(Larmichthys crocea). The basal diet(FO) was formulated to contain 66.5% fish meal and 6.4% menhaden fish oil; whereas the other 3 experimental diets were formulated by replacing the fish oil with 50% soybean oil(SO50), 100% soybean oil(SO100) and 100% palm oil(PO100), respectively. The 4 diets were randomly assigned to 4 floating sea cages(3.0 m × 3.0 m × 3.0 m), and each was stocked with 250 fish individuals with an initial average weight of 245.29 g ± 7.45 g. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice a day at 5:00 and 17:00, respectively, for 12 weeks. Experimental analysis showed that the specific growth rate of fish fed SO50 or PO100 were significantly higher than that of fish fed FO or SO100(P0.05), and crude lipid contents of ventral muscle and viscera were significantly lower in fish fed FO than in those fed the other 3 diets(P0.05). No significant differences in condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, gutted yield and colorimetric values of fish among the dietary treatments were observed(P0.05). Compared to FO diet, SO50, SO100 and PO100 diets led to substantial decreases in the liquid loss and water loss from fresh fillets(1 d, 4℃)(P0.05). Similarly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) values of fillets under different storage conditions(1 d, 4℃; 7 d, 4℃; 4 weeks,-20℃; 8 weeks,-20℃) decreased significantly after partial or complete replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils. These findings indicated that the growth performance and selected flesh quality properties(liquid holding capacity and TBARS value) of large yellow croaker were substantially improved by replacing dietary fish oil with vegetable oils.     

乳化植物油强化土著微生物修复中高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水

以天然细砂为微生物来源,模拟研究了乳化植物油强化原位生物修复中高浓度Cr（Ⅵ）污染地下水的可行性,考察了修复效果及修复过程中地下水质变化及产物的稳定性。结果表明,反应77 d后,Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度分别从20.0、30.0、50.0、80.0、110.0 mg/L降低到0.0、5.8、19.0、43.6、65.8 mg/L,去除率分别为100.0%、80.7%、61.9%、45.5%、40.2%。反应后介质中Cr形态分析表明,其主要以能在自然条件下稳定存在的铁锰结合态和有机结合态形式存在。此外,随反应进行,实验体系逐渐呈弱酸性环境,pH为5.80~6.70。当Cr被完全还原后,体系会发生异化铁还原,Fe（Ⅱ）质量浓度逐渐升高,最高可达117.0 mg/L,最终形成二价铁矿物。综上所述,天然细砂介质中的土著微生物能够利用乳化植物油强化并还原地下水中的中、高浓度Cr（Ⅵ）,且产物能够在自然状态下稳定存在,修复过程对地下环境的影响较小。     

第四种重要的能源——生物柴油

一、生物柴油及特性生物柴油是一种用油菜籽等可再生植物油加工制取的新型燃料,属高脂酸甲烷。按化学成分来看,由于柴油分子是由15个左右的碳链组成的,植物油分子则一般由14～18个     

膨润土的酸化脱色机理研究

通过对广西田东钙基膨润土的酸化脱色实验研究，表明活性土的脱色能力是其表面积和酸化作用中浸取出的铝离子量的函数；在钙蒙脱石晶体结构处于彻底破坏前的临界点，膨润土具有最大的脱色能力和比表面积。     

中国食用植物油产消十大趋势

本文提出了我国食用植物油生产和消费未来的发展趋势。食用植物油产需失衡状况将继续存在;油料生产将从以自给性生产为主逐步转向商品性生产和自给性生产并存;相差悬殊的食用植物油消费水平逐步缩小;食用植物油全国性短缺和局部性过剩并存;食用植物油购销向市场经营过渡;全国初步形成6个大田油料集中生产地带;食用植物油流向越来越广,流量越来越大,逐步形成6种流向;大田油料作物仍将是最重要的油源;提高油料作物单产将成为主要增产手段;开发其他油源势在必行。     

中国大豆生产面临的挑战及对策

大豆原产于中国，现已在世界五大洲广为种植，种植面积7460万公顷，年产量1．68亿吨，是当今世界最重要的食用植物油及食用蛋白源。中国曾经是世界最大的大豆生产国和出口国。但是，在最近的10多年里，大豆产量由原来的世界第一，退居为继美国、巴西和阿根廷之后的世界第四。而且自1996年开始，我国成为大豆、豆粕和豆油的进口国家，并且进口数量越来越大。目前，进口大豆数量剧增，国产大豆不断积压，本土企业逐渐式微，外资对行业的控制力越来越强，中国大豆正面临着前所未有的困境和挑战。