Feasibility study for the application of air inflated membrane structure in China National Stadium

China National Stadium, also known as “Bird’s Nest”, is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events. A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird’s Nest after the Olympic Games. The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird’s Nest. The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out. Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given. To verify the analysis results, based on the practical structure of the Bird’s Nest, a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.     

关于铁路冷藏运输车辆有关动力学性能指标设定的探讨

目前，铁路冷藏运输车辆没有自己的动力学性能标准。一般情况下，铁路冷藏运输车辆应按货车的动力学性能标准来评价，但是现在为冷藏货物快捷运输而设计制造的160km／h特种冷藏车是按客车的动力学性能标准来评定的。因此，有必要对铁路冷藏运输车辆动力学性能指标进行探讨，并制定相关标准。     

160 km/h特种机械冷藏车的研制

介绍了160km／h特种机械冷藏车的结构，并对其运用方式进行了探讨。     

Analysis and calculation of axial stiffness of tubular X-joints under compression on braces

This paper introduces the influence factors of axial stiffness of tubular X-joints. The analysis model of tubular joints using plate and shell finite element method is also made. Systematic single-parameter analysis of tubular X-joints is performed using Ansys program. The influences of those factors, including ratio of brace diameter to chord diameter (β), ratio of chord diameter to twice chord thickness (γ), ratio of brace wall thickness to that of chord (τ), brace-to-chord intersection angle (θ), and chord stress ratio, ratio of another brace diameter to chord diameter, in-plane and out-of-plane moment of braces, etc., on stiffness of tubular X-joints are analyzed.Two non-dimensional parameters-joint axial stiffness factor ηN and axial force capacity factor ωN are proposed,and the relationship curve of the two factors is determined. Computational formulas of tubular X-joint axial stiffness are obtained by multi-element regression technology. The formulas can be used in design and analysis of steel tubular structures.     

杆端缩尺钢桁架桥梁结构静力计算与优化分析

以某下承式铁路钢桁架简支梁桥的单榀Warren桁架为研究对象,对杆端缩尺钢桁架桥梁结构及其端部缩尺压杆进行有限元分析和用钢量优化,重点研究杆端缩尺参数对杆件内力、截面应力、结构刚度、结构弹性稳定、压杆极限承载力、最小用钢量等的影响.结果表明:杆件截面高度缩尺是最理想的杆端缩尺方案;随着缩尺幅度的增大,桁架结构的杆件轴力变化很小,但杆端次弯矩和剪力显著减小,且结构竖向刚度和弹性稳定性有所降低.通过适当提高缩尺段的钢材强度等级,端部缩尺压杆的极限承载力将不低于未缩尺压杆,并可在满足结构强度、刚度及稳定性要求的前提下,进一步通过杆件截面优化,得到比未缩尺设计更小的结构用钢量.     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of box-brace to box-column foot joints

This paper presents results of three tests carried out to study the mechanical behavior of foot joints used in the tower boiler steel frame. Each foot joint consists of a box column and a box brace. These three specimens have different connection types or different details of stiffeners. The tests are carried out by using the large multi-function structural experiment system WAW-1000J. The load-displacement curves and the strain distribution are measured during the tests. The mechanical behavior of foot joints under adverse load cases is analyzed. The safety of these three specimens under design load is assessed. The strength and deformation of different joints are compared. The results indicate that connection types or details of inner stiffeners have effects on strength and failure mode and that the specimen with end-plate connection can optimize the strain distribution along the height of brace web and can change the force transfer mechanism between column and brace. In addition, a finite element model of the specimen is conducted and numerical results generally agree well with the test results. The work in this paper provides a base for further analysis on the performance of joint used in the tower boiler steel frames.     

Mechanical behavior of tubular T-joint after fire

This paper presents experimental results of the post-fire behavior of tubular T-joints. The research aims at the failure modes and the residual strengths of the T-joints after fire. Three tests of full-scale tubular T-joints are conducted. The first one is carried out to study the mechanical behavior of T-joints under ambient temperature. The other two tests are performed to study the influence of pre-load, heating and cooling phase on residual load-bearing capacity of the tubular T-joints. The test results show that the sustained axial load on the brace has remarkable influence on the residual deflection of the T-joints which is cooled down to room temperature. The results of the experiments also indicate that the axial load level and heating and cooling history have more significant effects on the compressive stiffness of the T-joints than the residual strength. In the numerical study, the result of finite element model agrees well with the test result. The work in this paper provides a basis for further parametric analysis and theoretical study on the structural evaluation after fire.     

屋顶安装光伏太阳能板风荷载试验研究

针对利用屋顶铺设光伏太阳能板的光伏发电项目中,光伏太阳能板对屋顶风荷载的影响问题,采用刚性模型测压试验,得到安装光伏太阳能板屋顶的风压和未安装光伏太阳能板屋顶的风压。分别计算两种情况下屋顶风压系数均值、风压系数正向极值、风压系数负向极值以及屋顶局部体型系数。结果表明,安装光伏太阳能板对屋顶整体风荷载的影响不大,但增大了局部的最强风吸力;安装在屋顶的太阳能光伏板体型系数随位置变化不敏感,取值均在正负0.2之间。     

提速货车用轴承结构优化探讨

简要介绍了ＳＫＦ与国内四厂生产的１９７７２６型轴承的基本情况，并在此基础上提出了适应货车提速的改进建议。     

关于铁路冷藏运输冰冷车更新换代产品的设想

B6型和B6A型冰冷车是铁路冷藏运输冰冷车的主型车。该车具有结构简单、成本低和有加冰站(全国性的辅助系统)等优点，但其在冰中加盐的作法易腐蚀车辆及轨道，而且该型车已经到了或接近报废期。因此，铁路冷藏运输冰冷车更新换代问题应提到议事日程上来。