兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

面向21世纪的我军野战外科

未来在２１世纪发生的战争可能是在核、化学、生物武器威摄下，使用高技术常规武器的局部战争，我军野战外科如何适应由打赢一场一般技术在常规战争转向高技术局部战争，这一课题已严峻地摆在我们军事医学工作者面前。本文试图分析高技术常规武器的特点，并在回顾越南，中东十月、海湾等战争的伤情特点的基础上，讨论面向２１世纪的我军野战外科的新课题。     

浅谈创伤弹道学的理论及应用

创伤弹道学是研究投射物(弹丸、破片)击中机体的致伤效应和致伤原理的科学,熟悉创伤弹道学的基础知识,有助于外科医生在处理火器伤时,正确判定投射物的种类,损伤类型和范围,确定切实可行的治疗方案。本文介绍创伤弹道学的基础知识,并结合肌组织投射物伤的典型伤例进行讨论。     

医护本科生心理健康状况调查

大学生群体的心理卫生状况日益受到社会各界的关注 ,其心理问题发生率在 1 0 %～3 0 %之间[1 ] 。医学学生一方面承担着学业、择业、竞争的压力 ,同时正在或即将承担治病救人的重要工作。他们的心理健康与否 ,不仅影响到自身的发展 ,也涉及到工作中对病人的影响。为了对临床医学和护理学专业本科生心理卫生状况进行客观的评价 ,中山大学护理学院于 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,对中山大学北校区临床医学和护理学专业本科生共 544人进行了心理健康状况调查 ,并在此基础上探讨心理健康教育的方法 ,现报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　本次调查的对象是广州中…     

海水浸泡弹烧复合伤血细菌学与内脏病理学的变化

目的 探讨海水浸泡弹烧复合伤伤后血液细菌学变化与内脏病理学变化之间的关系。方法 建立海水浸泡弹烧复合伤模型后，依模型将15只成年杂种犬随机分为单纯弹烧复合伤组(简称非浸泡组，7只)和海水浸泡弹烧复合伤组(简称浸泡组，8只)，于伤后即刻和4、7、10、20、28h共6个时相点抽取静脉血进行血细菌培养。另于伤后28h和濒死期将动物活杀，取心、肝、肺、肾行病理学观察。结果 浸泡组动物菌血症出现较早且严重。导致菌血症的细菌来源复杂，不仅有肠道菌群，还有海水特有菌群和皮肤常驻菌群。在内脏器官组织病理学上，不仅有不同程度的血液循环障碍及退行性变，还有严重的炎症反应。结论 在海水浸泡弹烧复合伤中，伤后出现的严重菌血症进一步加重了内脏器官损伤。     

低血糖症108例报告

低血糖是临床急症,其病因与临床表现较复杂,容易误诊,延误治疗或治疗不当,可造成严重后果.但如及时诊断及正确处理,病情可迅速好转.我院自1999～2006年共收治低血糖症患者108例,现报告如下.     

采用经皮内镜下胃造口术进行肠内营养10例临床分析

目的：探讨采用经皮内镜下胃造口术（PEG）实施肠内营养的临床价值。方法：在胃镜引导下,穿刺点选择在胃体的大、小弯之间,局麻下行胃造口术,8例病人均予以肠内营养。结果：8例病人均一次性置管成功,成功率100%,从置入胃镜至胃造口术完成只需10～15分钟,术中、术后均无出血、消化液漏入腹腔等并发症。结论：在肠内营养输注途径中PEG具有创伤小、时间短、经济、安全等特点,易于护理和长期应用。     

鼻内窥镜手术的护理配合

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术的护理配合方法。方法对63例鼻内窥镜手术的护理配合情况进行回顾分析。结果本组手术63例,均恢复良好。结论鼻内窥镜手术具有准确、高效、安全、直观等特点,做好手术物品的准备、病情观察和手术的配合是保证手术成功的关键。