2016-2019年吉林省农村环境卫生监测分析

目的了解吉林省近年来农村环境卫生状况及其动态变化,评价农村居民生活环境卫生质量,为政府制定政策和公共卫生干预措施提供科学依据,方法2016-2019年每年选取占林省240个行政村监测点,采用现场观察、调查询问等方式收集数据.结果2016-2019年,吉林省农村卫生厕所普及率分别为44.19%,35.34%,28.62%和23.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);农村生活垃圾集中处理率分别为25.83%,25.00%和70.42%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);生活污水处理率分别为2.10%,2.90%和2.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2016-2019年,吉林省卫生村卫生厕所普及率均低于非卫生村(P<0.01),卫生村集中式供水人口覆盖率均高于非卫生村(P<0.01);2016.2018年卫生村的生活垃圾处理率均高于非卫生村(P<0.05),2016年生活污水处理率高于非卫生村(P<0.05)。农村集中式供水人口覆盖率分别为46.49%,49.52%,52.94%和55.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论2016-2019年吉林省农村卫生厕所普及率,生活污水处理率,集中式供水人口覆盖率较低,生活垃圾集中处理率较好,卫生村对农村环境卫生状况起到积极作用。     

北京市一起新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株聚集性疫情特征分析

目的 分析北京市海淀区一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学特征及传播链。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情流行病学特征,应用现场调查和大数据技术分析传播链。结果 2022年4月27日至5月13日, 海淀区发生一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情,全基因组测序系Omicron变异株（BA.2.2进化分支）;涉及感染者38例,确诊病例34例,无症状感染者4例;临床分型以轻型（88.2%）为主,无重型、危重型和死亡病例;早期临床症状以咽部不适（50.0%）、咳嗽（29.4%）为主;17 d内传播7代,涉及3起社区聚集、2起单位聚集和8个家庭内传播;暴露方式以同住（47.6%）、同时空暴露（31.6%）为主;代间距M（Q₁,Q₃）为3（1,6）d;总续发率为1.5%（37/2 482）,其中家庭续发率为36.7%（18/49）。结论 本起Omicron变异株疫情临床症状轻,家庭、社区聚集性明显,疫情传播速度较快,同时空暴露感染风险较高,需利用信息化技术全面摸排密切接触者,以快制快,有效阻断疫情传播。     

急性胰腺炎患者血清降钙素原和协同刺激分子B7家族及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1水平变化及意义

目的探讨急性胰腺炎患者血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、协同刺激分子B7家族(serum costimulatory molecule B7family,B7-H3)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)水平变化,及其在急性胰腺炎病情严重程度评估中的价值。方法 90例重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)患者为SAP组,90例轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)患者为MAP组,100例体检健康者为对照组。检测3组血清PCT、B7-H3、sICAM-1水平;对SAP组、MAP组行急性生理与慢性健康评估系统(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)和急性胰腺炎RANSON评分评定病情严重程度;Pearson法分析血清PCT、B7-H3、sICAM-1与APACHEⅡ、RANSON评分的相关性。结果 SAP组、MAP组血清PCT[(9.9±3.2)、(5.6±2.2)μg/L]、B7-H3[(181.7±26.6)、(67.2±10.2)ng/L]、sICAM-1[(1 036.9±68.4)、(448.6±50.2)g/L]水平均高于对照组[(1.2±0.4)μg/L、(53.0±2.7)ng/L、(29.8±16.5)g/L](P0.05),且SAP组高于MAP组(P0.05);MAP组APACHEⅡ评分[(7.8±1.3)分]、RANSON评分[(2.7±1.0)分]低于SAP组[(13.0±2.6)、(5.3±1.8)分](P0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,SAP组APACHEⅡ、RANSON评分与血清PCT(r=0.761,P=0.017;r=0.751,P=0.013)、B7-H3(r=0.710,P=0.016;r=0.701,P=0.012)、sICAM-1(r=0.645,P=0.010;r=0.668,P=0.007)均呈正相关;MAP组患者APACHEⅡ、RANSON评分与血清PCT(r=0.793,P=0.015;r=0.775,P=0.010)、B7-H3(r=0.738,P=0.014;r=0.730,P=0.013)、sICAM-1(r=0.730,P=0.011;r=0.680,P=0.012)均呈正相关。结论急性胰腺炎患者血清PCT、B7-H3、sICAM-1水平增高程度与APACHEⅡ、RANSON评分呈正相关,血清PCT、B7-H3、sICAM-1可作为判断急性胰腺炎病情严重程度的指标。     

2012 年蚌埠市饮用水质监测分析简

目的了解2012年蚌埠市饮用水质监测状况,为饮用水的卫生管理提供基础资料。方法分析2012年各类饮用水水样的指标检测结果。结果2012年5月、9月、12月共采集水样105份,合格103份,总合格率为98．10％。各月份的合格率分别为100％、94．29％、100％;在各类被检测的水质样品中市政供水末梢水、市政供水出厂水和自建集中式供水末梢水合格率最高,为100％;其次是二次供水合格率为97．22％;自建集中式供水出厂水合格率最低,仅为66．67％。市政供水与二次供水合格率间比较,差异无显著性（P=0．364,P〉0．05）。市政供水与自建集中式供水合格率间比较,差异有显著性（P=0．048,P〈0．05）。结论2012年蚌埠市城市饮用水水质消毒总体很好,市政供水的水质很好,但二次供水和自建集中式供水还需进一步加强水质消毒工作,规范管理。     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定康齿宁乳膏中丁香酚的含量

康齿宁乳膏由丁香酚、硼砂和多种辅料组成。其丁香酚的含量测定用亚硝酸钴钠比色法和普通分光光度法均不能有效消除空白基质的干扰。但本空白基质在296与280nm 有等吸收点。为此本文研究用双波长分光光度法测定康齿宁乳膏中丁香酚的含量,该法具有简便、准确的优点。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数对急性胰腺炎的预测价值

目的探讨血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)对急性胰腺炎(AP)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月期间扬州大学附属医院收治的598例AP患者的临床资料, 依据亚特兰大分类(2012年修订版)分为重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组, 57例)和非重症急性胰腺炎组(非SAP组, 541例)。收集所有入组患者的一般临床资料和相关生化检测指标, 并进行急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分、Ranson评分、CT严重程度指数(CTSI)评分。运用logistic回归分析SAP的危险因素。以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析AIP及多种评分系统对胰腺炎严重程度的评估价值。结果 SAP组患者的AIP、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)、空腹血糖(FBG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)水平、高脂血症占比、糖尿病占比、Ranson评分、BISAP评分、CTSI评分高于非SAP组, 差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示AIP为SAP的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示, AIP预测SAP的AUC为0.706(95%CI:0.63...     

全肠道灌洗的临床应用

大肠内致病菌甚多,有可能造成术后腹腔内感染,吻合口感染等并发症。而有效的术前肠道准备,可以减少大肠手术的并发症。我院普外科自1985年2月～1986年3月,有22例病人,用Hollender的全肠道灌洗法(Whole Gut irrigation简称WGI)作肠道术前准备,效果满意。现报告如下: 一、方法:术前一天,中午正常进食,下午2～3时开始,肌注灭吐灵10mg,口服WGI液(37～40℃),以每小时2000～3000ml速度,灌洗液总量4000～9000ml,平     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊生产质量风险评价系统的建立

在不同的生产工艺和生产条件下,药品生产质量和风险不同.通过对32家企业生产的奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊进行含量波动等9个风险因素的评价,确立了综合风险评价系统,为药品监管提供更有针对性的监管目标.