Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), bronchial asthma, and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance. To further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients, this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery, the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis, and the role of Draf III intervention. Numerous studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo-ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical therapies. Future studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.     

短暂性脑缺血发作320排动态容积CT全脑灌注联合CT血管成像研究

目的:研究分析短暂性脑缺血发作320排动态容积CT全脑灌注联合CT血管成像。方法:在2018年10月-2019年10月于我院就诊的短暂性脑缺血发作患者中随机选择56例进行研究。所有患者均接受320排动态容积CT全脑灌注联合CT血管成像进行诊断。对比患者患侧与镜像对侧的血流量、血容量、平均通过时间、达峰时间以及延迟时间等灌注参数。结果:患侧与镜像对侧的血流量、血容量、平均通过时间、达峰时间以及延迟时间等灌注参数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),在平均通过时间、达峰时间和延迟时间的患侧与镜像对侧灌注参数比值方面,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:320排动态容积CT全脑灌注联合CT血管成像对于短暂性脑缺血发作进行诊断评价具有可行性,可有效评价患者的血管情况及脑组织血流灌注情况。     

Enzymatic glycosylation of oleanane-type triterpenoids

Abstract

Glycosylation is an effective approach to improve the druggability of natural products by increasing their water solubility. In this work, we report the glycosylation of oleanane-type triterpenoids by a recombinant microbial glycosyltransferase YjiC1. A preliminary screening test indicated YjiC1 exhibited robust capabilities for O-glycosylation of triterpenoids, based on LC/MS analysis. Among the products, two new compounds (2a and 3a), together with a known one (1a), were isolated and characterized. These products exhibited improved water solubility, and 3a showed moderate anti-HIV activities at 100 μM. This reaction provides a facile and efficient approach to synthesize the glucosides of triterpenoids.     

Coronarin D induces apoptotic cell death through the JNK pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Coronarin D, a diterpene derived from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium, has been used to treat inflammatory diseases. Coronarin D can exert strong anticancer effects through cell growth prevention and cell cycle arrest in many cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which coronarin D suppresses cell proliferation and triggers cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Treatment of Huh7 and Sk‐hep‐1 cells with coronarin D resulted in a significantly increased loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the cleavage and activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐8, and caspase‐3 and changes in Bax, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL protein levels. Coronarin D significantly induced autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II and reducing the expression of p62. Moreover, Huh7 and Sk‐hep‐1 cells exposed to coronarin D had decreased expression of phosphorylated AKT, p38, and ERK and increased expression of phosphorylated JNK. Exposure of cells to the JNK‐specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the apoptotic effects of coronarin D. Taken together, this is the first study to report that coronarin D may effectively inhibit cell growth through apoptosis. We have provided evidence indicating that coronarin D induces cell death through the upregulation of JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinases in human HCC cells.     

血管内皮生长因子与运动的相关性

目的:血管内皮生长因子是一种广泛存在于机体组织的细胞因子,与运动密切相关,是近来运动人体科学界和运动医学界研究的焦点。对近来血管内皮生长因子与运动的相关研究进行综述,以能够找到提高训练质量乃至运动水平的方法。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medscape.net1996-01/2006-12的相关文章,并根据相关的参考文献检索了部分文章,检索词“vascular endothelial growth factor,exercise”,限定语言种类为English;同时计算机检索中国知识资源总库1996-01/2006-12的相关文献,限定语言种类为中文,检索词“血管内皮生长因子,运动”。资料选择:纳入条件:①随机对照试验研究。②试验包括对照组和干预组。同时排除综述和重复的研究。资料提炼:共找到相关研究47篇,排除17篇,30篇符合标准。通过30个实验对运动中血管内皮生长因子在机体中的表达、作用及含量和动态变化进行了相关的分析和研究。资料综合:①血管内皮生长因子与运动的关系密切相关,现在仍然是运动医学界的研究焦点之一,研究的方向为运动对机体血管内皮生长因子的影响,目的是发现运动对机体的影响。②不同的运动方式对机体的血管内皮生长因子的表达不同,目前采用的训练方式多为极限运动或运动与其他因素相结合,如低压强 运动。③观察部位多集中在大脑、肌肉、心血管、血液等,不同部位的表达不同。④运动对血管内皮生长因子表达有动态变化的规律。结论:血管内皮生长因子与运动的关系密切相关,不同的运动方式会造成血管内皮生长因子在机体不同部位不同表达。运动对血管内皮生长因子表达的影响呈现出规律性。     

电刺激小脑顶核对持续局灶性脑缺血时钙蛋白酶活性的影响

目的观察电刺激小脑顶核(FN)对持续局灶性脑缺血钙蛋白酶活性的影响,以阐明其神经保护作用机制。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为假手术组(PO)、FN刺激假手术组(PO-FN)、持续缺血组(PI)及持续缺血-FN刺激组(PI-FN),后两组又分为缺血1,3,6,12及24h组。建立大鼠电刺激FN及持续局灶性脑缺血模型,应用Western印迹半定量各组缺血核心区Mr=150000FBDP含量(表示钙蛋白酶活性),并应用尼氏体染色对缺血核心区神经元数量及形态进行分级评分。结果PO组及PO-FN组钙蛋白酶活性相似(P>0.05),处于低水平。PI组钙蛋白酶活性从缺血1h犤(3670±600)A/μg总蛋白犦开始即显著增高(t=6.338,P<0.001),以后随着缺血时间延长,钙蛋白酶活性不断增高,直至缺血24h犤(9180±360)A/μg总蛋白犦仍有持续增高趋势(缺血12,24h,t=14.673,16.632,P<0.001)。PI-FN组随着缺血时间的延长,钙蛋白酶活性从缺血1h犤(2510±460)A/μg总蛋白犦也开始增高,以后随着缺血时间延长,钙蛋白酶活性不断增高,但各时点组与其相应PI组相比,其增高程度明显减低,差别具有显著意义(缺血1,24h,t=1.875,2.134,P<0.05)。PO组及PO-FN组神经元形态及数量正常,评分均为0分。PI组从缺血1h(0.8±0.3)开始,神经元形态、数量即出现轻度改变,其评分增高(z=2.443,P<0.01),以