Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者症状评估量表的编制和信效度检验

目的 根据乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者的症状特征,编制适用于我国乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者的症状评估量表,并检验其信效度。方法 在文献回顾及参照现有症状评估量表的基础上编制量表初始条目池;通过2轮德尔菲专家函询,形成初始版量表;通过对11例患者的认知性访谈,对量表条目进一步修订,形成临床测试版量表。便利选取2020年7月—9月在浙江省某三级甲等肿瘤医院门诊或住院的325例乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者进行问卷调查,检验量表信效度。 结果 形成的最终版乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者症状评估量表包括33个条目,探索性因子分析提取7个公因子,累计方差贡献率为68.76%;各条目内容效度指数为0.78~1.00,量表内容效度指数为0.91;内在相关性检验结果显示,量表各维度与总量表相关系数为0.58~0.79（P<0.05）;维度间相关系数为0.26~0.52（P<0.05）;总量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.94,重测信度为0.95,折半信度为0.84。结论 编制的乳腺癌内分泌治疗患者症状评估量表具有良好的信效度,适用于相关人群的症状测评。     

脑淀粉样血管病发病机制的研究进展

脑淀粉样血管病（cerebral amyloid angiopathy，CAA）的主要致病物质是β淀粉样蛋白，其 产生异常、清除障碍导致异常沉积，引起管壁破坏、管腔狭窄等病理变化，最终导致CAA。目前CAA的 具体发病机制尚不清楚，涉及的成分复杂。本文介绍了β淀粉样蛋白产生及清除的三种过程及其平 衡破坏的后续效应和主要影响因素，同时从病因分类的角度阐明CAA的类型。     

Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: outcomes from the UK ‘Alert Level 4’ phase of the B-MaP-C study

Background The B-MaP-C study aimed to determine alterations to breast cancer (BC) management during the peak transmission period of the UK COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of these treatment decisions.Methods This was a national cohort study of patients with early BC undergoing multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided treatment recommendations during the pandemic, designated ‘standard’ or ‘COVID-altered’, in the preoperative, operative and post-operative setting.Findings Of 3776 patients (from 64 UK units) in the study, 2246 (59%) had ‘COVID-altered’ management. ‘Bridging’ endocrine therapy was used (n = 951) where theatre capacity was reduced. There was increasing access to COVID-19 low-risk theatres during the study period (59%). In line with national guidance, immediate breast reconstruction was avoided (n = 299). Where adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted (n = 81), the median benefit was only 3% (IQR 2–9%) using ‘NHS Predict’. There was the rapid adoption of new evidence-based hypofractionated radiotherapy (n = 781, from 46 units). Only 14 patients (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their treatment journey.Conclusions The majority of ‘COVID-altered’ management decisions were largely in line with pre-COVID evidence-based guidelines, implying that breast cancer survival outcomes are unlikely to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, in this study, the potential impact of delays to BC presentation or diagnosis remains unknown.Subject terms: Breast cancer, Surgical oncology, Health care economics, Quality of life, Health policy     

The pathology of gastric and duodenal polyps: current concepts

The liberal use of upper endoscopy has led to an increased detection of gastric and duodenal polyps, which are identified in as many as 6 and 4.6% of patient examinations, respectively. Gastroduodenal polyps are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can be neoplastic or non‐neoplastic (e.g. hyperplastic or heterotopical). Most polyps present characteristic topographical features, as well as endoscopic appearance and size. Evaluation of the surrounding mucosa is essential in assessing the underlying pathology (e.g. Helicobacter pylori, autoimmune gastritis or inherited polyposis syndromes). Phylogenetically, gastric and duodenal polyps can be classified according to the epithelial compartment from which they derive. Polyps that arise from the surface epithelium can either be of foveolar or intestinal type, and they can develop from either the native mucosa or the metaplastic epithelium (gastric intestinal metaplasia or duodenal foveolar metaplasia). Other polyps develop from the deeper glandular component, such as pyloric/oxyntic gland derived subtypes. In this review we focus upon epithelial polyps, with an emphasis on the most common and clinically relevant lesions, and present recently described entities.     

辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式在慢性病防治中的应用策略

依据中国防治慢性病中长期规划（2017-2025年），按照国医大师王琦教授倡导的"辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式"，提出慢性病"3+4+3"防治路向：面向三类人群（一般、高危、患病人群），朝向四种状态（无病、病前、病中、病后状态），指向三辨模式（辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式）。进而探讨其应用策略：对于一般人群无病状态——辨体养生，固本防病；对于高危人群病前状态——辨体干预，治本救萌；针对患病人群病中状态——"三辨"施治，标本兼顾；针对患病人群病后状态——辨体调理，固本防复。文中结合案例加以佐证，具有临床指导价值。     

中西医结合治疗帕金森病非运动症状的系统评价与Meta分析

[目的]系统评价中西医结合治疗帕金森病非运动症状的临床疗效与安全性。[方法]全面检索相关中英文数据库,搜集自建库至2018年7月所有中药联合西医基础治疗与西医基础治疗(和中药安慰剂)的临床随机对照试验,根据纳入标准、排除标准,选择符合标准的相关文献并提取资料,依据Cochrane Handbook对纳入的文献进行质量评价,并采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。[结果]最终纳入24篇RCT,共计1 836例患者,分别采用主要指标及次要指标进行评价。结果显示:NMSS量表[MD=-6.19,95%CI=(-7.68,-4.69),Chi2=0.83,DF=3,n=302];NMSQuest量表[MD=-2.17,95%CI=(-2.67,-1.68),n=601]UPDRS I量表,未进行Meta分析[Chi2=75.91,DF=10,n=882],UPDRS II量表[MD=-2.71,95%CI=(-3.34,-2.08),n=1164];PDQ-39量表[MD=-7.81,95%CI=(-9.97,-5.64),n=407]。[结论]中西医结合治疗帕金森病非运动症状有效,且优于单纯西医基础治疗。     

中医体质研究40年回顾与展望

文章回顾中医体质研究40年来在6大理论创新、3大技术创新、4大转化应用、2大学术平台方面取得的辉煌成就。展望未来，中医体质研究将积极策应国家需求，进一步发挥其原创优势、深化理论研究、完善技术方法、加快平台建设、提升服务能力，为实施“健康中国”战略作贡献。