热性感染相关性癫痫综合征亚急性期的序贯治疗及转归

目的 回顾性分析热性感染相关性癫痫综合征(Fever infection related epilepsy symdrome,FIRES)患儿在亚急性期(急性期生命体征平稳后至病后6个月)的序贯治疗及转归。方法 18例患儿采取高压氧、神经康复及对症处理,就患儿的气管封堵、惊厥、生酮饮食、神经功能障碍等进行综合治疗及管理,评估这些治疗的有效性,以优化亚急性期的治疗方案。结果 ①气管切开:14例患儿气管切开,13例顺利封堵切开的气管; ②惊厥:8例患儿急性期后持续无癫痫发作,10例在亚急性期不同时间出现再发惊厥或者惊厥无缓解,其中通过调整抗癫痫方案后4例无发作,4例明显好转,2例仍存在难治性惊厥发作; ③生酮饮食:急性期所有患儿均进行了生酮饮食治疗。亚急性期呈现生酮值不理想,消化道出血患儿不耐受等不同问题,2例低风险患儿停用生酮饮食后惊厥无复发,1例停用后出现惊厥复发,恢复生酮饮食后控制惊厥,余维持原生酮饮食不变; ④神经功能障碍:所有病例均接受高压氧及康复综合治疗,2例病情极其严重患儿仍为醒状昏迷,其余16例患儿均恢复意识。恢复意识的16例患儿中2例患儿神经功能基本恢复同龄儿童的水平,余14例患儿都存在不同程度的认知、语言障碍,2例伴有明显的情绪异常,除1例患儿有运动障碍,其余患儿除协调平衡功能欠佳,未遗留运动系统严重问题。结论 FIRES有共同的发病特点,但转归各有不同,亚急性的综合治疗措施,优化综合治疗流程,最大可能减小患儿并发症,减轻患儿神经系统后遗症。     

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