某同性恋浴室男男性接触者ＨＩＶ／梅毒感染状况的研究

目的:了解经常在浴室活动的男男性接触人群(MSMs)HIV/梅毒相关知识、态度、行为及其感染状况,为制定有效的防治措施提供信息和依据.方法:在某MSMs聚集的浴室对目标人群进行匿名问卷调查,并采集静脉血进行HIV/梅毒检测.结果:该人群艾滋病知识总知晓率为75.3%.只有21.6%的男男性接触者(MSM)在每次肛交时坚持使用安全套,而从未使用、有时使用安全套者占78.4%.近3个月与异性发生过阴道交行为的MSM有117人,仅19.7%每次使用安全套.HIV阳性率为4.7%,TPPA阳性率为39.9%,RPR阳性率为27.0%.年龄、近3个月性伴数、婚姻状况、文化程度、安全套使用情况、籍贯等因素与HIV/梅毒感染率之间无统计学联系.结论:经常出入浴室的MSMs中高危性行为普遍存在,HIV/梅毒感染率高,应尽快采取针对性的行为干预措施.  

山东省科技查新工作现状分析及对策

通过分析目前山东省科技查新工作的现状，认为存在信息资源共建共享建设发展迟缓、查新人员素质参差不齐、科技立项查新工作量过于集中等问题，使科技查新质量和可信度受到一定影响，并就以上问题提出对策。  

Comparison of visual performance between conventional LASIK and wavefront-guided LASIK with iris-registration

Background Laser in situ keratomileusis （LASIK） has become an efficient and commonly performed procedure to reduce refractive errors. In order to further increase the postoperative visual quality, the wavefront-guided refractive surgery has been a research hotspot in customized surgery. This study was conducted to compare the visual acuity, higher-order aberration, and contrast sensitivity of wavefront-guided LASIK with iris-registration and conventional LASIK. Methods Two hundred and eleven myopic eyes of 109 patients were enrolled in this prospective study and randomly divided into two groups： the wavefront-guided LASIK （wg LASIK） group （94 eyes） and conventional LASIK group （117 eyes）. A Wavescan Wavefront aberrometer was used to analyze Zernike coefficients and the root-mean-square （RMS） of higher order aberrations with 6.0 mm pupil size, and Optec 6500 visual function instrument was used to measure contrast sensitivity （CS） under 5 spatial frequencies before and after surgery in both groups.
Results The uncorrected visual acuity （UCVA） and the mean spherical equivalent （SE） in wg LASIK group were significantly better than those in conventional LASIK （UCVA, z=2.339, P=0.019; SE, t=2.838, P=0.005） at 3 months after surgery. Moreover, the increase in Z3^-3, Z3^1, Z3^3, Z4^0, Z5^-1, Z5^1 Z5^-5 and Z6^-6 in wg LASIK group was statistically smaller than that in conventional LASIK group （P〈0.05）. In wg LASIK group, eyes with a higher amount of the preoperative RMS of the higher order aberrations （RMSh≥0.30μm） showed a statistically lower increase （13.5%） than those in conventional LASIK group at 3 months after surgery （33.3%） （P=0.004）. And the values of 4th order spherical aberration （4thSA） and the root mean square of 6th order aberration （RMS6） in wg LASIK group were significantly lower than those in conventional group in eyes which had higher preoperative astigmatism （≥1.0D） （4thSA, P=0.03; RMS6, P=0.02）. Wg LASIK group showed be  

乳腺癌患者血浆uPA、uPAR检测的临床意义

目的探讨血浆uPA、uPAR水平在乳腺癌侵袭和转移评定的临床意义。方法采用ELISA方法,测定经组织病理学确诊的女性乳腺癌初治患者50例和健康女性体检者20例的血浆uPA、uPAR水平。结果乳腺癌患者血浆uPA、uPAR水平明显升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);血浆uPA、uPAR水平随原发肿瘤的增大、腋淋巴结的转移以及分期而增高(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者血浆uPA和uPAR的水平增高,与分期、腋淋巴结转移及原发肿瘤的大小密切相关,是乳腺癌侵袭和转移判定的有意义的指标。  

Loss of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model

Background Glaucoma can cause progressive damage to retinal ganglion cells. These cells can be classified as cells projecting to the superior colliculus and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This study was to investigate the effects of chronic intraocular pressure elevation on melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in rats.
Methods Chronic intraocular pressure elevation was induced in one eye of adult Wistar rats by cauterization of three episcleral veins. Intraocular pressure was measured at different intervals with a rebound tonometer. Superior collicular retinal ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled from the superior colliculus with Fluorogold. Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were visualized by free-floating immunohistochemistry on whole-mount retinas. The number of labeled superior collicular and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were counted in the sample areas on flat-mounted retinas.
Results Compared with contralateral control eyes, the numbers of both superior collicular and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of experimental intraocular pressure elevation （（2317.41±29.96）/mm^2 vs （1815.82±24.25）/mm^2; （26.20±2.10）/mm^2 vs （20.62±1.52）/mm^2, respectively）. The extent of cell loss of the two types of retinal ganglion cells was similar. However, no morphologic changes were found in melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells.
Conclusion Both melanopsin-containing and superior collicular retinal ganglion cells were damaged by chronic ocular hypertension, indicating that glaucomatous neural degeneration involves the non-image-forming visual pathway.  

A missense mutation S228P in the CRYBB1 gene causes autosomal dominant congenital cataract

Background Congenital cataract is a highly heterogeneous disorder at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. This study was conducted to identify disease locus for autosomal dominant congenital cataracts in a four generation Chinese family. Methods Family history and clinical data were recorded. All the members were genotyped with microsatellite markers which are close to the known genetic loci for autosomal congenital cataracts. Two-point Lod scores were obtained using the MLINK of the LINKAGE program package （vet 5.1）. Candidate genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and direct cycle sequencing. Results The maximum Lod score of Zmax=2.11 was obtained with three microsatellite markers D22S258, D22S315, and D22S1163 at recombination fraction θ= 0. Haplotype analysis showed that the disease gene was localized to a 18.5 Mbp region on chromosome 22 flanked by markers D22S1174 and D22S270, spanning the β-crystallin gene cluster. A c.752T→C mutation in exon 6 of CRYBB1 gene, which resulted in a heterozygous S228P mutation in predicted protein, was found to cosegregate with cataract in the family. Conclusions This study identified a novel mutation in CRYBB1 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract. These results provide strong evidence that CRYBB1 is a pathogenic gene for congenital cataract.  

31例缺血性结肠炎临床分析

目的:探讨缺血性结肠炎的临床特点、内镜特征及早期诊断方法.方法:对31例缺血性结肠炎患者的临床表现、结肠镜检查等资料进行回顾性分析.结果:缺血性结肠炎好发于老年患者.多伴有高血压、冠心病等基础疾病.腹痛及便血为主要临床表现.结肠镜下以黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂、溃疡等为主要表现.病变主要发生于左半结肠,呈节段性分布.多数患者预后良好.结论:老年患者出现急性腹痛和便血应警惕缺血性结肠炎,早期结肠镜检查是诊断缺血性结肠炎的主要方法.  

超声波法提取苋菜中红、绿色素的工艺研究

目的 研究利用超声波法从红苋菜中提取红、绿色素的方法。方法 利用苋菜中红色素在水中溶解度较大，不溶于乙醇，绿色素不溶于水，在乙醇中溶解度较大的性质可对两种色素分别进行提取分离，并通过单因素和正交实验考察了超声波提取绿、红色素的工艺参数和提取效果，并与常用溶剂浸泡法做了对比。结果 红色素在超声波频率为40％，液料比为1：10（g：ml），温度50℃提取，处理20min时提取率最高；绿色素在超声波频率为90％，液料比为1：10（g：ml），温度35℃提取，处理30min时提取率最高。结论 该提取方法较传统浸提法具有提取率高，不影响色素性质的优点，还可提高利用效率，降低成本，具有良好的实用价值和应用前景。  

喜炎平治疗婴幼儿手足口病的临床研究

目的观察喜炎平治疗婴幼儿手足口病的临床疗效。方法将260例手足口病患儿随机分为治疗组（n=135）和对照组（n=125）。治疗组给予喜炎平静脉输注,对照组给予利巴韦林静脉输注,观察治疗后临床症状及体征的变化并进行分析。结果治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组（95.56%vs.78.40%,P〈0.05）。结论喜炎平注射液治疗婴幼儿手足口病疗效显著。  

围术期应用乌司他丁对高血压脑出血患者的脑保护作用

目的:研究高血压脑出血围术期应用乌司他丁对神经元特异性烯醇化酶的影响和脑保护作用?方法:高血压脑出血发病7 h内的手术患者40例,随机分为乌司他丁组(A组)和对照组(B组)?测定两组术前和术后12?36 h血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)的浓度及术前和术后第8天的格拉斯哥(glasgow coma scale,GCS)的评分?结果:术后12 h和36 h,A组NSE浓度明显低于B组,术后第8天A组GCS评分明显高于B 组?结论:高血压脑出血术中早期应用乌司他丁有利于神经保护?