老年人椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕的MRI、TCD与临床研究

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)以及经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对老年人椎基底动脉缺血性头晕的诊断价值。方法对我院2019年1月-2020年6月收治的43例老年椎基底动脉缺血性头晕患者进行MRI以及TCD检查,并对相应的研究结果进行分析以及讨论。结果根据MRI结果显示,相关脑区27例未见异常,梗死16例,占37.2%;T1加权低信号,T2加权高信号,大多数是小腔隙性脑梗塞。小脑半球梗塞11例,脑干梗塞9例。TCD结果显示,椎动脉和基底动脉的TCD在高流速下发生了变化。其中,32例(74.42%)检测出椎动脉收缩期血流速度降低,28例(65.12%)检测出基底动脉收缩期血流速度降低,7例(16.28%)检测出椎动脉收缩期血流高流速降低,有12例(27.90%)检测出基底动脉高流速。结论老年人椎体基底缺血性头晕的MRI具有较高的分辨率,并且可以获取所有横截面的3D图像,从而导致骨骼伪影,可以清楚地显示后颅窝区域的病变。这样可以及时诊断过去常常被忽略或误诊的小脑以及脑干梗塞。可以将其用作诊断测试,以确定椎基底动脉供血不足的患者是否有脑梗塞,但MRI没有显示出器质性血管,通常会使诊断变得困难。TCD检测简单、方便,是有效的检测老年人椎基底动脉缺血性头晕的方法,具有重要的诊断价值。     

肝细胞癌淋巴结转移的放射治疗——125例患者的回顾性研究

目的评价肝细胞肝癌腹腔淋巴结转移病人接受与不接受放射治疗的效果,并分析影响患者的预后因素。方法回顾125例临床诊断为肝细胞肝癌腹腔淋巴结转移病人,分为非放疗组和放疗组。非放疗组患者出现腹腔淋巴结转移后,仅针对肝内肿瘤予手术切除或介入栓塞治疗;放疗组病人在原有治疗的基础上结合外放射治疗,用直线加速器发射的15MV光子,予肿大淋巴结区包括或不包括肝内原发灶局部照射,常规分割,放疗剂量为40～60Gy。分析两组患者的临床指标,甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肝内肿瘤大小、肝内肿瘤治疗的方法、淋巴结情况(位置、数目、大小)、是否伴有癌栓、Child-Pugh肝功能分级。生存率的估计用Kaplan-Meier法,Cox回归分析各因素对预后的影响。结果62例腹腔淋巴结转移患者接受放疗,23例(37.1%)放疗后转移的淋巴结消失,归为完全缓解,37例(59.7%)为部分缓解,客观缓解率达96.8%。放疗后淋巴结压迫出现的症状得到缓解,有效率100%。放疗组与非放疗组中位生存期分别为9.4个月和3.3个月,1年生存率分别为42.1%和3.4%,2年生存率分别为19.9%和0%。两组间差别有显著意义(P<0.001)。放疗组患者出现肝门、胰周、腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移者,其中位生存期分别为24.1个月、9.4个月、6.0个月,对照组分别为3.6个月、3.8个月、3.2个月。放疗组肝内肿瘤直径<8cm或≥8cm者,中位生存期分别为12.3个月和5.7个月,非放疗组分别为3.3个月和3.6个月。用Cox回归模型进行单因素与多因素分析生存情况,生存情况与下列因素有明显相关,Child-Pugh肝功能分级高、伴有癌栓、肝内多发病灶、原发灶未治疗者预后差。非放射治疗的病人,43.5%(2762)患者死于淋巴结肿大相关的并发症。外放疗可以降低淋巴结引起死亡(淋巴结致死降至8.0%),但胃肠道出血发生率上升。放射治疗主要不良反应为中等程度的急性胃肠道反应和肝损伤,常表现为食欲下降和恶心。结论本文结果提示,肝细胞肝癌淋巴结转移对放疗敏感。用50Gy的常规分割即可起到姑息治疗的效果,并延长生存期。肝门区淋巴结转移和肝内小病灶的患者放疗后效果较好。     

TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓

目的：探讨TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的方法及疗效。方法纳入TACE联合CT引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗的HCC合并PVTT患者48例。根据PVTT部位,分为门静脉主干癌栓（A型）、门静脉一级分支癌栓（B型）和门静脉二级及以下分支癌栓（C型）。根据粒子是否植入到PVTT内,分为癌栓内直接植入法（癌栓内部植入组）和癌栓周围植入法（其粒子植入到癌栓周围1．7 cm内的肝实质或肿瘤内,癌栓周围植入组）。比较不同类型PVTT及不同植入方法的癌栓控制率（DCR）、癌栓进展时间（TTP）及患者总生存率（OS）。结果48例患者均成功进行TACE及粒子植入治疗。A、B、C型PVTT患者,中位OS（mOS）分别为8、11．5和15个月,组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．003）;癌栓DCR分别为61．5%、70．8%和72．7%（P=0．548）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为69．2%、75．0%和81．8%（P=0．483）;癌栓中位TTP分别为4．5、8和11个月（P=0．030）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为5、9和9．5个月。癌栓内部植入组和癌栓周围植入组的mOS分别为10和11．5个月（P=0．239）;癌栓DCR分别为69．2%、68．2%（P=0．591）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为73．1%和77．3%（P=0．502）;癌栓中位TTP分别为7和10个月（P=0．276）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为8和9．5个月（P=0．089）。结论 TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗HCC伴PVTT,可有效控制PVTT和肝内肿瘤进展,延长患者生存期;癌栓内直接植入法和癌栓周围植入法,对PVTT的疗效无影响。     

做检验科研三年发几个感慨

"过去几年利用检验的数据在国外SCI杂志上发过几篇文章,有meta,也有单纯的临床研究,从引用次数来看还算对得起观众。"发点零碎的感慨,没有显摆的意思,更无意改变任何人的"三观",仅仅与各位同行共勉而已。各位战友砖下留情,不喜勿喷:1、放弃做大事的理想,着眼于做小事。或者说:把研究做成"馒头"型,即使是旺仔小馒头,也千万不要把研究做成"鸡蛋饼"形!旺仔小馒头是很容易在SCI杂志上发表的,但是鸡蛋饼却很难发表。     

128例胆石症患者围手术期的护理

目的 探讨胆石症患者围手术期的护理方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年2月至2010年2月128例住院胆石症手术治疗患者围手术期的病历护理资料.结果 本组患者治愈117例(91.41％),好转9例(7.03％),病情恶化自动出院2例(1.56％),死亡0例,总有效率为98.44％.术后并发症6例(4.69％),经积极治疗后均痊愈出院.结论 加强围手术期护理可提高手术治疗成功率和减少术后并发症的发生,降低病死率.     

噬血细胞综合征与恶性组织细胞病鉴别诊断的探讨（附26例分析）

噬血细胞综合征与恶性组织细胞病鉴别诊断的探讨（附２６例分析）南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院（２１０００８）血液科冯云，欧阳建，臧秦川中心实验室李存照，黄肖耆报道我院收治的噬血细胞综合征（ｈｅｍｏｐｈａｓｏｅｙｔ－ｉｃｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＨＳ）共１３例，其中...     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗的预后因素分析

目的：分析影响应用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR—TKI）治疗非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者预后的相关临床因素。方法：回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院和同济大学附属上海市肺科医院2009年1月～2010年12月应用EGFR—TKI治疗的132例非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者临床资料,用卡普兰－迈耶统计法估计患者1、2年生存率,单因素分析（Log—rank检验）筛选影响患者预后的风险因素,用Cox多因素分析模型进一步确认独立风险因素。结果：132例患者中位生存期15．9个月,1年、2年生存率分别为63．9％、41．5％。单因素分析显示：女性、不吸烟者、血白蛋白值正常者中位生存期显著延长（P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示：血白蛋白值是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。结论：对于女性、不吸烟的非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者,应用EGFR—TKI治疗有延长中位生存期的趋势,血白蛋白值低是影响预后的不利因素。