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1.
The role of dynamin in regulation of kidney filtration barrier is well documented. Dynamin binds to and produces filamentous actin, which is a key component of healthy podocyte foot processes (FPs). Destruction of dynamin, for example by cathepsin L, leads to loss of a functional actin network and uncoordinated membrane signaling, a situation that allows for effacement of FPs and proteinuria. Now, Khalil et al have examined the dynamin expression in kidneys of proteinuric animal models as well as in kidney patients and produced data that further clarifies the role of dynamin in glomerular and tubular proteinuria and may aid in pinpointing patients who are affected by loss of dynamin function and may benefit from appropriate therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Prof. Dr. H. Feussner S.B. Reiser M. Bauer M. Kranzfelder R. Schirren J. Kleeff D. Wilhelm 《Der Chirurg》2014,85(3):178-185
Technological innovations have initiated a fundamental change in invasive therapeutic approaches which has led to a welcome reduction of surgical trauma but was also associated with a declining role of conventional surgery. Active utilization of future technological developments is decisive to promote new therapeutic strategies and to avoid a further loss of importance of surgery. This includes individualized preoperative therapy planning as well as intraoperative diagnostic work-up and navigation and the use of new functional intelligent implants. The working environment “surgical operating room” has to be refurbished into an integrated cooperating functional system. The impact of new technological developments is particularly obvious in minimally invasive surgery. There is a clear tendency towards further reduction in trauma in the surgical access. The incision will become smaller and the number of ports will be further reduced, with the aim of ultimately having just one port (monoport surgery) or even via natural access routes (scarless surgery). Among others, improved visualization including, e.g. autostereoscopy, digital image processing and intelligent support systems, which are able to assist in a cooperative way, will enable these goals to be achieved. 相似文献
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Petra Michl Thomas Meindl Franziska Meister Christine Born Rolf R. Engel Maximilian Reiser Kristina Hennig-Fast 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2014,9(2):150-157
In this study, a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm originally employed by Takahashi et al. was adapted to look for emotion-specific differences in functional brain activity within a healthy German sample (N = 14), using shame- and guilt-related stimuli and neutral stimuli. Activations were found for both of these emotions in the temporal lobe (shame condition: anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus; guilt condition: fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus). Specific activations were found for shame in the frontal lobe (medial and inferior frontal gyrus), and for guilt in the amygdala and insula. This is consistent with Takahashi et al.’s results obtained for a Japanese sample (using Japanese stimuli), which showed activations in the fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, middle occipital gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. During the imagination of shame, frontal and temporal areas (e.g. middle frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus) were responsive regardless of gender. In the guilt condition, women only activate temporal regions, whereas men showed additional frontal and occipital activation as well as a responsive amygdala. The results suggest that shame and guilt share some neural networks, as well as having individual areas of activation. It can be concluded that frontal, temporal and limbic areas play a prominent role in the generation of moral feelings. 相似文献
5.
Sarita Silveira Verena Graupmann Maria Agthe Evgeny Gutyrchik Janusch Blautzik Idil Demir?apa Andrea Berndt Ernst P?ppel Dieter Frey Maximilian Reiser Kristina Hennig-Fast 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2014,9(10):1601-1607
Being reminded of the inherently finite nature of human existence has been demonstrated to elicit strivings for sexual reproduction and the formation and maintenance of intimate relationships. Recently, it has been proposed that the perception of potential mating partners is influenced by mortality salience. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neurocognitive processing of attractive opposite-sex faces after priming with death-related words for heterosexual men and women. Significant modulations of behavioral and neural responses were found when participants were requested to decide whether they would like to meet the presented person. Men were more in favor of meeting attractive women after being primed with death-related words compared to a no-prime condition. Increased neural activation could be found under mortality salience in the left anterior insula and the adjacent lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) for both men and women. As previously suggested, we believe that the lPFC activation reflects an approach-motivated defense mechanism to overcome concerns that are induced by being reminded of death and dying. Our results provide insight on a neurocognitive level that approach motivation in general, and mating motivation in particular is modulated by mortality salience. 相似文献
6.
Trauma und Berufskrankheit - Ziel der Konsensuskonferenz war es, den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Indikationsstellung Bild gebender Verfahren in der Unfallchirurgie für die Regionen Hand, Knie... 相似文献
7.
Schoenberg SO Rieger JR Michaely HJ Rupprecht H Samtleben W Reiser MF 《Abdominal imaging》2006,31(2):200-212
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the leading cause of secondary hypertension. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and in particular
MR angiography have evolved into important diagnostic tools for the detection and grading of RAS due to the lack of ionizing
radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agent. This review describes state-of-the-art MR angiographic techniques and introduces
the reader to current concepts of RAS grading with MR angiography. We compare MR angiography with conventional angiography
and intravascular ultrasound as a standard of reference. The technical basis of functional imaging techniques such as arterial
spin labeling perfusion measurements, contrast-enhanced perfusion measurements, and MR flow measurements are explained. Their
value for the grading and detection of RAS and for the differentiation of renovascular from renal parenchymal disease is discussed.
An overview about imaging during and after interventional therapy of RAS and an introduction to the current understanding
of prediction of successful interventional therapy finishes this review. 相似文献
8.
Tae-Hyun Yoo Christopher E. Pedigo Johanna Guzman Mayrin Correa-Medina Changli Wei Rodrigo Villarreal Alla Mitrofanova Farah Leclercq Christian Faul Jing Li Matthias Kretzler Robert G. Nelson Markku Lehto Carol Forsblom Per-Henrik Groop Jochen Reiser George William Burke Alessia Fornoni Sandra Merscher 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2015,26(1):133-147
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of ESRD in the United States. Podocyte injury is an important feature of DKD that is likely to be caused by circulating factors other than glucose. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a circulating factor found to be elevated in the serum of patients with FSGS and causes podocyte αVβ3 integrin-dependent migration in vitro. Furthermore, αVβ3 integrin activation occurs in association with decreased podocyte-specific expression of acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b (SMPDL3b) in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with FSGS. However, whether suPAR-dependent αVβ3 integrin activation occurs in diseases other than FSGS and whether there is a direct link between circulating suPAR levels and SMPDL3b expression in podocytes remain to be established. Our data indicate that serum suPAR levels are also elevated in patients with DKD. However, unlike in FSGS, SMPDL3b expression was increased in glomeruli from patients with DKD and DKD sera-treated human podocytes, where it prevented αVβ3 integrin activation by its interaction with suPAR and led to increased RhoA activity, rendering podocytes more susceptible to apoptosis. In vivo, inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase reduced proteinuria in experimental DKD but not FSGS, indicating that SMPDL3b expression levels determined the podocyte injury phenotype. These observations suggest that SMPDL3b may be an important modulator of podocyte function by shifting suPAR-mediated podocyte injury from a migratory phenotype to an apoptotic phenotype and that it represents a novel therapeutic glomerular disease target. 相似文献
9.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 decreases bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibits fibroblast collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation 下载免费PDF全文
Hyun Young Koo Lamis MF El‐Baz StaceyL House Sarah N Cilvik Samuel J Dorry Nahla M Shoukry Mohamed L Salem Hani S Hafez Nickolai O Dulin David M Ornitz Robert D Guzy 《The Journal of pathology》2018,246(1):54-66
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice lacking FGF2 have increased mortality and impaired epithelial recovery after bleomycin exposure, supporting a protective or reparative function following lung injury. To determine whether FGF2 overexpression reduces bleomycin‐induced injury, we developed an inducible genetic system to express FGF2 in type II pneumocytes. Double‐transgenic (DTG) mice with doxycycline‐inducible overexpression of human FGF2 (SPC‐rtTA;TRE‐hFGF2) or single‐transgenic controls were administered intratracheal bleomycin and fed doxycycline chow, starting at either day 0 or day 7. In addition, wild‐type mice received intratracheal or intravenous recombinant FGF2, starting at the time of bleomycin treatment. Compared to controls, doxycycline‐induced DTG mice had decreased pulmonary fibrosis 21 days after bleomycin, as assessed by gene expression and histology. This beneficial effect was seen when FGF2 overexpression was induced at day 0 or day 7 after bleomycin. FGF2 overexpression did not alter epithelial gene expression, bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity or total protein. In vitro studies using primary mouse and human lung fibroblasts showed that FGF2 strongly inhibited baseline and TGFβ1‐induced expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagen, and connective tissue growth factor. While FGF2 did not suppress phosphorylation of Smad2 or Smad‐dependent gene expression, FGF2 inhibited TGFβ1‐induced stress fiber formation and serum response factor‐dependent gene expression. FGF2 inhibition of stress fiber formation and αSMA requires FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and downstream MEK/ERK, but not AKT signaling. In summary, overexpression of FGF2 protects against bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and reverses TGFβ1‐induced collagen and αSMA expression and stress fiber formation in lung fibroblasts in vitro, without affecting either inflammation or epithelial gene expression. Our results suggest that in the lung, FGF2 is antifibrotic in part through decreased collagen expression and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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