Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves angiogenesis and bone formation in critical sized diaphyseal defects

Besides the use of autologous bone grafting several osteoconductive and osteoinductive methods have been reported to improve bone healing. However, persistent non‐union occurs in a considerable number of cases and compromised angiogenesis is suspected to impede bone regeneration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) improves angiogenesis. This study evaluates the effects of HBO on bone defects treated with autologous bone grafting in a bone defect model in rabbits. Twenty‐four New‐Zealand White Rabbits were subjected to a unilateral critical sized diaphyseal radius bone defect and treated with autologous cancellous bone transplantation. The study groups were exposed to an additional HBO treatment regimen. Bone regeneration was evaluated radiologically and histologically at 3 and 6 weeks, angiogenesis was assessed by immunohistochemistry at three and six weeks. The additional administration of HBO resulted in a significantly increased new bone formation and angiogenesis compared to the sole treatment with autologous bone grafting. These results were apparent after three and six weeks of treatment. The addition of HBO therapy to autologous bone grafts leads to significantly improved bone regeneration. The increase in angiogenesis observed could play a crucial role for the results observed. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:513–520, 2015.     

The Hall Technique; a randomized controlled clinical trial of a novel method of managing carious primary molars in general dental practice: acceptability of the technique and outcomes at 23 months

Background  

Scotland has high levels of untreated dental caries in primary teeth. The Hall Technique is a simplified method of managing carious primary molars using preformed metal crowns (PMCs) cemented with no local anaesthesia, caries removal or tooth preparation. This study compared the acceptability of the Hall Technique for children, their carers, and dentists, and clinical outcomes for the technique, with conventional restorations.     

口咽癌的综合治疗结果：单中心治疗经验

口咽鳞癌的临床处理仍存在争议，该文对口咽癌患者应用原发灶手术切除、颈淋巴清扫及术后行放疗的效果进行总结。对复合标准的211例患者进行回顾性研究。应用Kaplan—Meier曲线计算总生存率及无瘤生存率,应用单变量及多变量统计学分析研究疾病的临床特点与预后的关系。2年及5年的无瘤生存率分别为79．8％和68．8％．单因素分析表明，肿瘤切缘阳性是无瘤生存率重要也是唯一的预后因素。     

A cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of a mechanical barrier system to reduce the risk of mistransfusion

BACKGROUND: A blood component is transfused to a patient other than the intended recipient because of patient and sample identification problems once in about every 24,000 transfusions. An investigation was performed of the cost-effectiveness of a barrier system to prevent mistransfusion of a unit of red cells through this kind of error. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A decision analysis model was constructed that took into account nonfatal and fatal events, costs of patient care, and legal costs. The model was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of the barrier system in terms of cost per year of life saved and lives saved per million transfusions. RESULTS: The barrier system is predicted to save 1.5 lives per million transfusions when used as intended. If the cost-effectiveness calculations are based on an average damage award for a fatality of more than $725,000 and a chance of mistransfusion exceeding 1 in 16,700, use of the system results in reduced healthcare expenditures. If no legal costs are included in the cost-effectiveness calculations, use of the system costs $197,000 per year of life saved. Routine use of the system extends patient life by 1 year per 60,000 units transfused. CONCLUSION: The application of a barrier system to prevent mistransfusion and related morbidity and mortality can be cost-effective. If legal costs are included in the calculations, the use of a barrier system reduces total costs.     

紫杉醇药物涂层支架植入术后患者外周血单核细胞中热休克蛋白70的变化：生物材料临床应用近期效果随访

目的:植入材料、靶血管病变特征、术前状态、炎症因子及急性期蛋白均对急性冠状动脉综合征接受支架材料介入治疗后的效果有影响,为验证紫杉醇涂层支架临床应用后材料及宿主的相关反应,实验观察了接受紫杉醇涂层支架介入治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者的外周血热休克蛋白70水平变化,并分析其临床意义。方法:①连续性入选2004-12/2006-03在江苏大学附属人民医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的78例急性冠状动脉综合征患者,全部病例均置入紫杉醇药物涂层支架。采用流式细胞仪测定症状发作平均(34.1±16.2)h的外周血单核细胞热休克蛋白70阳性表达水平。②所有患者随访至术后6个月,出现心源性死亡、再次心肌梗死、再发心绞痛、再次血运重建术和继发心衰等主要心脏不良事件者为近期预后不良组,无上述情况者判定为近期预后良好组,用logistic多元回归法分析术前状态、靶血管病变特征、植入支架的各项参数及外周血热休克蛋白70水平与主要心脏不良事件发生率的关系,并以同期健康体检者20例为正常对照组。结果:68例患者完成随访进入结果分析。①外周血热休克蛋白70水平:急性心肌梗死患者和不稳定型心绞痛患者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。②在多变量的logistic回归分析中,外周血热休克蛋白70独立于其危险因素,能预测急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后近期主要心脏不良事件发生率(OR值为0.904,P<0.05)。结论:回归分析结果提示,应用紫杉醇涂层支架临床治疗近期效果评估中,外周血热休克蛋白70水平高的急性冠状动脉综合征患者近期心脏事件发生率较高,说明外周血热休克蛋白70可能成为判断紫杉醇涂层支架介入治疗后不良事件发生率的独立因素之一。     

组织工程化仿生人工骨修复兔桡骨节段性骨缺损

目的:观察自体骨髓基质细胞复合多孔仿生人工骨后修复节段性骨缺损的效果。方法:实验于2002-01/2003-05在解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所完成。①抽取成年家兔骨髓并分离、培养和诱导骨髓基质细胞。②采用纳米晶羟基磷灰石-胶原中羟基磷灰石和胶原的比例为4∶1,仿生材料中纳米晶羟基磷灰石和聚左旋乳酸的比例为1∶1;孔隙率>90%,孔径50～300μm;规格15mm×3mm×3mm材料。使用前分别经乙醇、无菌双蒸水和离心等处理。将第3代骨髓基质细胞按3×1010L-1接种于上述材料中常规培养。体外构建骨髓基质细胞和仿生基质材料复合体。③手术造成兔右桡骨干15mm骨缺损动物模型,随机分为实验组14只、对照组14只和空白组6只,实验组植入自体骨髓基质细胞/仿生材料复合体,对照组仅植入仿生材料,空白组不作任何处理。通过X射线、骨密度、组织学以及计算机图象分析等手段观察各组在不同时相的骨缺损修复情况。结果:34只兔全部进入结果分析。①骨髓基质细胞和多孔纳米晶羟基磷灰石-胶原/聚左旋乳酸材料体外复合培养结果:7d后细胞基本汇合成片,细胞表面和周围出现较多网状胶原纤维。②各组兔骨缺损区X射线检查:实验组术后24周骨缺损区密度较高,与截骨端骨性融合,接近形成正常骨干结构;对照组术后24周可见少量骨痂自截骨端向材料内长入,但未见材料表面连续性骨痂形成。空白组术后24周两截骨端硬化封闭,形成骨不连。③骨密度测定:术后16周、24周实验组骨缺损区骨密度明显高于对照组(16周:(0.152±0.041),(0.092±0.029)g/cm2,24周:(0.177±0.044),(0.113±0.026)g/cm2,t=2.67,2.80,P<0.05),而与对侧正常桡骨无明显差异。④组织学观察:实验组术后24周植入材料大部分降解并为新生骨替代,新生骨和两端皮质骨融为一体;对照组术后24周材料部分降解成颗粒状,缺损区中央为纤维组织充填,仅两端有部分新生骨组织;空白组术后24周断端封闭形成骨不连。⑤计算机图象分析:8,16,24周,实验组修复性新骨占原骨缺损面积百分数随着观察时间的延长而增加,并显著高于同一时间点对照组(t=8.971,11.240,12.836,P<0.01)。结论:①通过微创方式获取大量成骨性骨髓基质细胞,并将其与多孔纳米晶羟基磷灰石-胶原/聚左旋乳酸材料复合培养后植入骨缺损区,可以发挥多重成骨效应,从而较快地启动骨修复反应。②采用组织工程学技术修复节段性骨缺损是一条切实有效的治疗手段,有较广泛的临床应用前景。