一氧化氮与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化（arteriosclerosis，AS）是心脑血管疾病的重要发病原因，其发病机理至今尚未完全阐明，与血管内皮细胞结构的损伤和功能异常而导致的一氧化氮（nitricoxide，NO）合成减少及分泌异常有密切关系。内皮细胞分泌的№参与AS的形成及病理过程，是AS的重要因素亦已肯定 。现已研究表明，NO与一些含氦衍生物一起通过和生物分子及细胞的相互作用参与机体保护、调节及逆转等机制，特别是调节心血管系统中众多的生理和病理生理过程 ，释放NO的化合物已经作为评价NO在心血管系统生理和治疗上关键作用的有效工具 。本结合献仅就NO与AS研究进展作一综述。     

颈动脉内膜切除术的麻醉进展

行颈动脉内膜切除术（carotid endarterectomy，CEA）的患者多为伴有严重心血管系统疾病的老年人，麻醉和手术风险较大，这就要求麻醉医师必须对脑生理、术式及其术中可能的病理生理学改变有深入的了解和应对，才能确保患者的安全。     

α-黑色素细胞刺激素对急性呼吸窘迫综合征大鼠血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的 研究α-黑色素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)对急性失血性休克合并肺内毒素损伤两次打击致急性呼吸窘迫综合征大鼠血清细胞因子水平的影响。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分成生理对照组(A组)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征组(B组)和给药组(C～F组,在不同时间点静脉注射α-MSH 1.7 mg·kg-1)。观察各组血清细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-10)水平的变化。结果 生理对照组(A组)大鼠血清细胞因子水平各时间点间差异无显著性(P>0.05);急性呼吸窘迫综合征组(B组)大鼠随打击因素和病程进展,血清细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-10水平均显著增高(P<0.01),促/抗炎细胞因子平衡失衡;给药组(C、D、F组)与B组相比能显著降低血清TNF-α、IL-1水平(P<0.01),增加IL-6、IL-10浓度(P<0.01);其中多次给药组(F组)作用最明显,而内毒素致伤后1 h给药组(E组)各细胞因子水平与B组各时间点相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 α-MSH可降低急性呼吸窘迫综合征大鼠血清促炎细胞因子水平促进抗炎细胞因子产生。α-MSH可能通过调节促/抗炎细胞因子平衡而发挥其保护作用。     

尼卡地平控制性降压对家犬脊髓血流的影响

目的　观察尼卡地平控制性降压对家犬脊髓血流的影响。方法　成年杂种犬 6只 ,体重 12 5～ 16kg ,以 2 5 %硫喷妥钠麻醉。股动脉置管监测MAP。以尼卡地平 8μg·kg 1·min 1持续静脉注射控制性降压。以激光多普勒血流仪测定脊髓血流 (SCBF)。结果　降压前MAP为 (12 5 7±10 6 )mmHg ,降压后为 (72 0± 11 2 )mmHg ,平均下降 4 2 8%。降压前SCBF为 (9 80± 1 0 5 )v ,降压后为 (8 0 4± 0 96 )v ,降低幅度为 18%。结论　尼卡地平控制性降压对SCBF影响较小 ,可安全用于脊髓手术。     

选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉的进展

临床实践中，尽管臂丛神经阻滞可采用多种人路以满足上肢区域麻醉的需要，但有时仍需应用一些不常见的技术，如选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉（IVRA），来阻滞非源自臂丛的神经或弥补臂丛神经阻滞不全。     

踝震挛和气道黏膜刺激监测脊髓功能的研究

总结我院近年来在脊柱手术中采用踝震挛试验和气道黏膜刺激反应监测脊髓功能的方法。     

Effects of α1-adrenergic receptor on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells

Objective To investigate the correlation between α1-adrenergic receptor and the pathological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma, and the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939. Methods Thirty-six samples of cholangiocarcinoma were resected in Southwest Hospital from August 2002 to March 2008. The expression of α1-adrenergic receptor in the 36 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue and 4 samples of normal bile duct tissue were detected by SABC technique. The proliferation of cholangio-carcinoma cell line QBC939 was detected after processing the cells with NE, phentolamine and prazosin. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results The high positive expression rate of α1-adrenergic receptor was 68% (17/25) in patients with lymph node metastasis, which was significantly higher than 9% (1/11) in patients without lymph node metastasis (χ2=10.604, P<0.05). The high positive expression rate of α1-adrenergic receptor was 85% (11/13) in patients with middle and low positioned cholangiocarcinoma, which was significantly higher than 30% (7/23) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (χ2=9.753, P<0.05). NE promoted the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 by stimulating the expression of α1-adrenergic receptor, and in a concentration-dependent manner. The proliferative effect was weakened as time passed by, and it was eliminated by phentolamine and prazosin. Conclusions The expression of α1-adrenergic receptor is diverse due to lymph node metastasis and the location of the tumor, α1-adrenergic receptor with high expression may play an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.     

氟马西尼对异氟醚麻醉患者苏醒的影响

吸入麻醉药已广泛应用于临床麻醉,但在苏醒期,神经功能恢复常不完全,存在定向力障碍,持续的镇静和遗忘,患者可能出现烦躁,不能正常地引出神经功能反射.