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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
HT Lam ; SO Schweitzer ; L Petz ; MH Kanter ; DA Bernstein ; S Brauer ; DV Pascual ; BA Myhre ; IA Shulman ; GW Sun 《Transfusion》1997,37(6):577-584
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to search for a more effective transfusion-monitoring system than the existing system of retrospective peer review. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This research used a study-control, preintervention and postintervention design, to evaluate the effectiveness of a prospective physician self-audit transfusion-monitoring system that functioned without the direct involvement of transfusion service physicians. This research also evaluated the effectiveness of issuing to physicians a memo with transfusion guidelines. Three process indicators were used to assess physician behavior at various stages of the blood-ordering process: 1) the number of crossmatches ordered per admission, 2) the transfusion-to- crossmatch ratio, and 3) the number of blood units returned to the laboratory after physician self-auditing. The study used two outcome indicators to reflect overall blood utilization: 1) the percentage of patients who received red cell transfusions and 2) the number of blood units transfused per recipient each month. RESULTS: The prospective physician self-audit system implemented at the study hospital did not reverse physician transfusion decisions, and the process of issuing to physicians a memo with transfusion guidelines at the control hospital failed to reduce blood usage. However, a transient reduction in blood utilization was observed at the study hospital. CONCLUSION: The reduction was hypothesized to be due to a Hawthorne effect, in which observed behavior is affected by the subject's awareness of the research study. 相似文献
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Natural killer cell precursors in the CD44neg/dim T-cell receptor population of mouse bone marrow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Natural killer (NK) cells develop from the nonadherent cell component of NK long-term bone marrow (BM) cultures (NK-LTBMC). Because these nonadherent cells are depleted of mature NK cells and T cells, but appear to enriched for NK precursors, they were used as a starting population to begin to define the NK precursors that function in NK- LTBMC. As the stromal cell component of NK-LTBMC has been shown to support interleukin (IL)-2-induced, CD44 dependent, NK cell development from nonadherent NK precursors, NK-LTBMC stroma was used in a limiting dilution assay (LDA) to quantitate the precursors. NK-LTBMC in 96-well plates were irradiated (20 Gy) to kill hematopoietic cells (including the NK precursors), seeded with limiting dilutions of the cells to be quantitated, cultured with 500 U/mL IL-2 for 13 days and assayed for development of NK activity by adding 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 cells to the wells and evaluating the release of 51Cr after 4 hours. Flow cytometric analysis, sorting, and quantitation of the nonadherent cell component of NK-LTBMC showed that NK precursors were concentrated in the CD44neg/dim subset that comprised 10% of the "lymphoid" gated cells. When the CD44neg/dim subset was sorted from BM of mice treated with 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) day before (-1FUBM), there were about 30% T cells, but no NK-1.1+ cells. When the T cells were removed by sorting and the CD44neg/dim, alphabeta, gammadelta T-cell receptorneg (TCR-) subpopulation was seeded onto irradiated stroma with IL-2, they proliferated, developed NK activity, became NK-1.1+ and CD44bright and remained alphabeta, gammadelta TCR-. The frequency of NK precursors in this population as estimated from the LDA was about 1/500. 相似文献
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A PIL for every ill? Patient information leaflets (PILs): a review of past, present and future use 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Kenny T; Wilson RG; Purves IN; Clark J Sr; Newton LD; Newton DP; Moseley DV 《Family practice》1998,15(5):471-479
This article reviews the usefulness and importance of written information,
specifically leaflets, being given to patients. Evidence suggesting how
both patient and doctor may benefit from the giving of written information
is reviewed. Identification of good practice relating to the content and
readability of leaflets is discussed. An argument is put forward that the
giving of written information is an under-utilized resource in contributing
to improving patient outcomes but that this may be changing with the
increasing use of patient leaflet databases. The advantages and
disadvantages of computer- generated patient leaflets are discussed and
desirable further areas of research on computer-generated leaflets are
proposed.
相似文献
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The trouble with family medicine 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
BACKGROUND: The trouble with family medicine is that the perceptual
framework it uses to view the phenomena of health and illness is at
variance with the frameworks traditionally used by medicine generally. This
creates difficulties in communication between those in family medicine and
those in other disciplines, and sometimes leads to misunderstanding of the
nature of the discipline of family medicine and its place in the health
care system. Those who practise family medicine need to be 'multilingual',
able to understand and speak the language and use the metaphors of family
medicine, yet equally able to use the language and metaphors of other
disciplines. OBJECTIVES: This paper, which begins with a clinical scenario,
reviews the contemporary biomedical paradigm, proposes an alternative, and
examines the conceptual frameworks which underpin the discipline of family
medicine.
相似文献
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