Large-scale protein identification of human urine proteome by multi-dimensional LC and MS/MS

Urine is a human specimen that is easily obtained non-invasively for clinical diagnosis. We attempted to enhance the resolution of current human urine proteomes and construct a comprehensive reference database for advanced studies, such as the discovery of biomarkers for renal diseases. Multi-dimensional LC-MS/MS was coupled with de novo sequencing and database matching. The proposed approach improved the identification of not only the proteins, but also the post-translational sites of urinary proteins. We identified 165, 200 and 259 unique gene products in the urine proteomes from males, females and pregnant women, respectively. When all of the results were combined and the redundancies removed, a total of 1095 distinct peptides were identified. Of these, 1016 peptides were associated with 334 unique gene products. In this study, over 100 gene products, including some disease-related proteins, were detected in urine for the first time by proteomic approaches. Various proteins with novel post-translational hydroxylation were identified using the MASCOT program and de novo sequencing. All proteins with peptide information were summarized into a comprehensive urine protein database. We believe that this comprehensive urine proteome database will assist in the identification of urinary proteins/polypeptides whose spectra are difficult to interpret in the discovery of urinary biomarkers.     

Comparative investigation of InP/InGaAs heterostructure-emitter tunneling and superlattice bipolar transistors

In this article, the characteristics of InP/InGaAs heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors with 30 n-InP layer tunneling layers and a five-period InP/InGaAs superlattice are demonstrated and comparatively investigated by experimentally results and analysis. In the three devices, a 200 Å n-In_0.53Ga_0.47As layer together with an n-InP tunneling emitter layer (or n-InP/n-InGaAs superlattice) forms heterostructure emitter to decrease collector-emitter offset voltage. The results exhibits that the largest collector current and current gain are obtained for the tunneling transistor with a 30 Å n-InP tunneling emitter layer. On the other hand, some of holes injecting from base to emitter will be blocked at n-InP/n-InGaAs heterojunction due to the relatively small hole transmission coefficient in superlattice device, which will result in a considerable base recombination current in the n-InGaAs layer. Therefore, the collector current and current gain of the superlattice device are the smallest values among of the devices.     

A decision theoretic approach to change point estimation for binomial CUSUM control charts

Detecting when the process has changed is a classical problem in sequential analysis and is an important practical issue in statistical process control. This article is concerned about the binomial cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart, which is extensively applied to industrial process control, health care, public health surveillance, and other fields. For the binomial CUSUM, a maximum likelihood estimator has been proposed to estimate the change point. In our article, following a decision theoretic approach, we develop a new estimator that aims to improve the existing methods. For interval estimation, we propose a parametric bootstrap procedure to construct the confidence set of the change point. We compare our proposed method with the maximum likelihood estimator and Page's last zero estimator in terms of mean squared error by simulations. We find that the proposed method gives more unbiased and robust results than the existing procedures under various parameter designs. We analyze jewelry manufacturing data for illustration.     

基于非靶向代谢组学比较不同发酵方式红茶滋味物质差异

目的 基于非靶向代谢组学,明确恒温发酵和变温发酵红茶的滋味物质差异。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法（ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer,U PLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）对华蓥山不同发酵方式红茶的非挥发性化合物进行了非靶向筛查,采用Compound Discoverer 3.1和Chemspider软件对化合物进行鉴定,并结合多元统计学软件筛选特征差异化合物。结果 通过UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS检测到358种非挥发性化合物,通过正交偏最小二乘-重要变量投影（orthogonal partial least square-variable import project,OPLS-VIP）结合非参数检验,获得了具有标志性差异的成分91种（VIP＞1.0,P＜0.05）;变温发酵红茶有66种物质相对含量显著 高于恒温发酵红茶,有25种物质相对含量显著低于恒温发酵红茶。结论 该研究确定了恒温发酵和变温发酵红茶的差异滋味物质,为四川华蓥山红茶滋味品质的调控和加工工艺的改善提供了参考依据。     

A Small Cyclic β-Hairpin Peptide Mimics the Rbfox2 RNA Recognition Motif and Binds to the Precursor miRNA 20b

The RNA recognition motif (RRM), which is the most abundant RNA-binding motif in eukaryotes, is a well-structured domain of about 90 amino acids, yet the β2β3 hairpin, corresponding to strands 2 and 3 of the β-sheet, and the intervening loop make essential interactions with RNA in many RRM complexes. A series of small cyclic peptide mimics of the β2β3 hairpin of Rbfox2 protein that recognize the terminal loop of precursor miR-20b have been designed to investigate whether the full RNA-binding protein can be mimicked with a minimal structurally preorganized peptide. Within a small library of seven cyclic peptides, a peptide with low-micromolar affinity for the miR-20b precursor was found. NMR spectroscopy titration data suggest that this peptide specifically targets the apical loop of pre-miR-20b. This work shows that it is possible to mimic RNA-binding proteins with designed stable peptides, which provide a starting point for designing or evolving small peptide mimetics of RRM proteins.     

Enriching Context Information for Entity Linking with Web Data

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Entity linking (EL) is the task of determining the identity of textual entity mentions given a predefined knowledge base (KB). Plenty of existing...     

Electron-Affinity Substituent in 2,6-Dicarbonitrile Diphenyl-1λ5-Phosphinine Towards High-Quality Organic Lasing and Electroluminescence under High Current Injection

Rationally manipulating the functional substituents plays a crucial role in tuning the luminescence and lasing properties of organic gain media. Herein, a cyanophenyl-moiety, which exhibits relatively weaker electron affinity, is connected to 2,6-dicarbonitrile diphenyl-1λ⁵-phosphinine (DCNP) via para-linking. Resultantly, the appreciated locally-excited characteristics ensuring a large oscillator strength and high radiative rate can be reserved in DCNP-4-(4-cyanophenyl) (DCNP-pCN). Interestingly, the weak charge-transfer state from the relative donor (D)/acceptor (A) interplay enables small singlet-triplet splitting (ΔE_ST ≈ 0.45 eV). Thus the triplets generated on DCNP-pCN can be efficiently scavenged by 4,4'-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSBCz), which is used as the host with a lower-lying triplet energy level for DCNP-pCN. Moreover, benefitting from the mediation between the conjugated length extension and weak D/A interplay, the emission spectrum cannot be largely shifted, which can effectively suppress the overlap between the lasing emission of DCNP-pCN and the excited-state absorption of BSBCz, thereby avoiding detrimental singlet-triplet annihilation. Thus, high-quality distributed feedback lasings with ≈2.0 μJ cm⁻² thresholds are achieved, and the organic light-emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiency exceeding 2.0% without efficiency rolloff under high current injection, indicating the potential for electrical-pumping organic lasings.     

乳糜泻动物模型研究进展

乳糜泻是一种携带遗传易感基因的人群因摄入麸质蛋白而引起由T细胞介导的复杂肠道疾病。麸质蛋白是小麦、大麦、黑麦等谷物中的主要贮藏蛋白,由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,是诱发乳糜泻的主要环境因素。患者终生严格执行无麸质饮食是目前治疗乳糜泻的最佳方法。然而,在生活中,患者难以完全避免摄入麸质蛋白,且长期的无麸质饮食将影响患者的社会交往活动,加重患者的心理与经济负担。因此,有必要研究新的冶疗方法或药物以用于辅助或替代无麸质饮食疗法。为了验证新方法的有效性和安全性,构建动物模型模拟乳糜泻的病症是必须的。因此,本文着重介绍了判断乳糜泻动物模型是否成功建立应选取的检测指标、乳糜泻动物模型的致敏方式及目前已建立的动物模型特点,为进一步完善乳糜泻动物模型提供参考。     

Assessment of reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) chitosan hydrogels as dressings in a mouse skin wound defect model

Wound dressings of chitosan are biocompatible, biodegradable, antibacterial and hemostatic biomaterials. However, applications for chitosan are limited due to its poor mechanical properties. Here, we conducted an in vivo mouse angiogenesis study on reinforced poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-chitosan (RPC) hydrogels. RPC hydrogels were formed by cross-linking chitosan with PEGs of different molecular weights at various PEG to chitosan ratios in our previous paper. These dressings can keep the wound moist, had good gas exchange capacity, and was capable of absorbing or removing the wound exudate. We examined the ability of these RPC hydrogels and neat chitosan to heal small cuts and full-thickness skin defects on the backs of male Balb/c mice. Histological examination revealed that chitosan suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells and accelerated fibroblast proliferation, while PEG enhanced epithelial migration. The RPC hydrogels promoted wound healing in the small cuts and full layer wounds. The optimal RPC hydrogel had a swelling ratio of 100% and a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of about 2000 g/m²/day. In addition, they possess good mechanical property and appropriate degradation rates. Thus, the optimal RPC hydrogel formulation functioned effectively as a wound dressing and promoted wound healing.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中特丁硫磷、特丁硫磷砜和特丁硫磷亚砜的残留量

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中特丁硫磷、特丁硫磷砜和特丁硫磷亚砜残留量的分析方法。方法样品采用乙腈或1%乙酸-乙腈提取,提取液经分散固相萃取净化。以CORTECSC18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7mm)色谱柱分离待测物,以0.1%乙酸铵甲醇溶液和0.1%甲酸加乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3m L/min,柱温35℃。目标化合物采用电喷雾正离子电离、多反应监测模式检测,以基质匹配校准曲线外标法进行定量分析。结果 3种化合物的相关系数均大于0.997, 3种化合物的检测定量限均低于0.005 mg/kg。3种化合物在10种基质(柑橘、苹果、大葱、黄瓜、西兰花、菠菜、胡萝卜、花生、大米、茶叶)中3个添加水平(0.005、0.01、0.05 mg/kg)的回收率为79.2%~105%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~20.1%。结论该方法简便、灵敏、环保,回收率和精密度好,适合于植物源食品中特丁硫磷及其氧类似物(砜、亚砜)残留的检测。