氧化铈-二氧化硅介孔材料制备及对铜离子的吸附性能

采用共沉淀法和沉淀浸渍法制备了纳米氧化铈-二氧化硅（CeO₂-SiO₂）介孔材料吸附剂,主要考察了其对水中铜离子（Cu²⁺）的吸附行为。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和氮吸附（BET）等手段对合成的介孔材料进行了性能表征,并通过静态吸附实验分析了溶液pH、溶液初始金属离子质量浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间等条件对介孔材料吸附Cu²⁺性能的影响。结果表明：共沉淀法制备的纳米CeO₂-SiO₂介孔材料对Cu²⁺的去除效果较沉淀浸渍法要好;当溶液pH=7.0时CeO₂-SiO₂介孔材料对Cu²⁺的吸附效果最好,20 min时基本达到吸附平衡;溶液初始Cu²⁺浓度增大Cu²⁺去除率降低,Cu²⁺累计吸附量增大;随着吸附剂用量增加Cu²⁺去除率增大,当CeO₂-SiO₂吸附剂用量为0.15 g/L时对Cu²⁺的去除率趋于稳定;CeO₂-SiO₂吸附剂对不同金属离子吸附性能由大到小的顺序为Cu²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺,该吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型。     

355 MPa级转向架构架用钢连续冷却转变行为

高速动车组转向架构架对高速动车组的运行品质、行车安全起到至关重要的作用。为向355 MPa级转向架构架用钢的工业试制提供指导，在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上进行了热模拟试验，结合热膨胀法和金相-硬度法，绘制了355 MPa级转向架构架用钢动态连续冷却转变曲线，研究了试验钢在连续冷却条件下的显微组织演变规律。结果表明，冷速小于1 ℃/s时，其组织主要为多边形铁素体和珠光体；冷速大于5 ℃/s时，贝氏体类组织快速增加；冷速达到50 ℃/s时，为板条贝氏体组织。因此，对于355 MPa级转向架构架用钢，冷速控制在1~5 ℃/s较为适宜，其组织主要由比例适中软硬性相结合的铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体构成，可以获得优良的强韧性匹配。     

Influence of pore distribution on the equivalent thermal conductivity of low porosity ceramic closed-cell foams

The microstructures of porous alumina materials with different porosities were established by introducing the departure factor of pore position and acentric factor of pore diameter to describe the distribution of pores in space and in size, respectively. The contribution of radiation and influence of pore distribution on the equivalent thermal conductivity were discussed based on numerical simulations by the finite volume method (FVM) considering both thermal conduction and radiation. When the pore diameter was less than 10?µm, the radiation component was less than 2%, and radiation could be neglected. Radiative heat transfer played a dominant role for materials with high porosity and large pore size at high temperatures. For micro pore materials (<?100?µm), broad pore size and non-uniform pore space distribution decreased the thermal conductivity across the entire temperature range. For materials with macro pores (>1?mm), broad pore distribution decreased the thermal conductivity at low temperatures and increased it at high temperatures. The basic prediction model of effective thermal conductivity for a two-component material, the Maxwell–Eucken model (ME1) and its modified model were corrected by introducing the pore structure factor. The results from experiments prove that the numerical values were satisfactory.     

Mini Review on the Structure and Properties (Photocatalysis), and Preparation Techniques of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nano-Based Particle,and Its Applications

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is well known as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities, such as CO₂ reduction and water splitting, and environmental remediation through the removal of organic pollutants. On the other hand, carbon nitride also pose outstanding properties and extensive application forecasts in the aspect of field emission properties. In this mini review, the novel structure, synthesis and preparation techniques of full-bodied g-C₃N₄-based composite and films were revealed. This mini review discussed contemporary advancement in the structure, synthesis, and diverse methods used for preparing g-C₃N₄ nanostructured materials. The present study gives an account of full knowledge of the use of the exceptional structural and properties, and the preparation techniques of graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and its applications.     

三维碗状结构CoS2/C复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

以二氧化硅为硬模板,采用碳化和硫化工艺制备出具有三维碗状结构的CoS_2/C复合材料.利用XRD,Raman和XPS研究了所制备材料的相组成,晶体结构,元素组成和价态.利用SEM和TEM对其微观形貌进行了表征,并采用电化学工作站分析了CoS_2/C作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能.结果表明:三维碗状结构CoS_2/C复合材料具有优良的电化学性能,在1 A/g的电流密度下比容量可以达到466 F/g.将CoS_2/C和N-rGO分别作为正极和负极组装的水系非对称超级电容器器件的电压窗口可以拓宽到1.6 V.该器件在0.5 A/g的电流密度下能量密度可以达到13.6 wh/kg,功率密度达到374.5 w/kg.在3 A/g的电流密度下经过5000次循环充放电后容量保持率达到了87%.     

NaCl-KCl-NdCl3-AlCl3熔盐体系电解制备Nd-Al合金及机理

在700℃的NaCl-KCl体系中,采用循环伏安法、方波伏安法和开路计时电位法等电化学测试方法研究了钨电极上Nd(Ⅲ)的电化学行为以及与Al(Ⅲ)共沉积的电化学过程。结果表明:在低扫描速率(0.1～0.5V·s~(-1))下,NaCl-KCl-NdCl_3熔盐中Nd(Ⅲ)的还原是一步交换3个电子的准可逆过程,该还原过程由扩散步骤控制,扩散系数约为1.2×10~(-5) cm~2·s~(-1)。将AlCl_3引入NaCl-KCl-NdCl_3熔体后,循环伏安、方波伏安以及开路计时电位测试结果表明,电解过程中形成了3种Nd-Al金属间化合物(Nd_3Al_(11)、NdAl_3和NdAl_2),其形成机理为Nd在预先沉积的Al上发生欠电位沉积。通过电动势法,计算了700℃时Nd-Al金属间化合物的热力学参数,如两相共存下Nd的活度和相对偏摩尔吉布斯自由能以及Nd-Al金属间化合物的标准吉布斯自由能。在-2.3 V下进行恒电位电解5 h制备了Nd-Al合金,所得合金由Nd_3Al_(11)、NdAl_3、NdAl_2和Al4种物相组成。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of YAG/YAG joint using bismuth-borate glass

Joining of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ garnet single crystal (YAG) was achieved by using a bismuth-borate based glass filler. The thermal properties of glass filler were experimentally determined and the wettability of molten glass on YAG was investigated. The YAG reacted with glass to form ZnAl₂O₄ particles and Y₂O₃ nanowires successively as joining temperature is above 625℃. ZnAl₂O₄ preferentially nucleated and grew on Y₂O₃ nanowires. The cooperative growth of the two phases accelerated YAG decomposition, which in turn led to cluster growth of Y₂O₃ nanowires and aggregation of ZnAl₂O₄ particles at elevated temperature. The microstructure evolution and reaction mechanism were studied. The highest shear strength of 29.6 ± 5.2 MPa was obtained for the joint brazed at 650℃. The fracture morphology demonstrated that the dispersive strengthening of ZnAl₂O₄ and stress relief by Y₂O₃ nanowire network contributed to the superior mechanical performance.     

Quaternary phosphonium modified epoxidized natural rubber: effect of reaction time,reaction mechanism,thermal property and antimicrobial activity

Herein we endow epoxidized natural rubber with antimicrobial activity by chemical modification. The rubber is firstly ring-opened by bromoacetic acid and then modified by antimicrobial group quaternary phosphonium salt. Using the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) and the ICP atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the degree of epoxidation, the convert ratio of epoxy groups, and the phosphorus content of the products are measured, and then the effects of reaction time on the structure of products are investigated. The possible reaction mechanism and side reactions in ring-opening procedure are discussed through the comparison of data with different reaction time, and the ring-expansion reaction is supposed to be dominated in the side reactions. The thermal properties of modified rubbers and the structural factors behind are also investigated using differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. Antimicrobial activities of modified rubbers with different ring-opening reaction time toward Escherichia coli are studied, and the activity may increase with the content of quaternary phosphonium salt groups. This research may have the benefit for optimizing the structure of chemically modified antimicrobial rubbers.     

主要工艺参数对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响

采用Polyflow软件模拟了聚合物熔体在串联式磨盘挤出机混炼段内的混合过程。将混合指数和分离尺度作为评价指标,借助统计学方法,分析了主要工艺参数(转速和喂料速率)对串联式磨盘挤出机混合性能的影响。研究结果表明:转速增大,串联式磨盘挤出机的分散混合性能和分布混合性能提高;喂料速率增大,串联式磨盘挤出机分散混合性能下降,但喂料速率对串联式磨盘挤出机分布混合性能影响较小。