Dual responsive wool fabric by cellulose nanowhisker reinforced shape memory polyurethane

Shape memory wool fabrics having both temperature and moisture responsiveness were fabricated by a functional nanocomposite treatment comprising of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and cellulose nanowhisker (CNW). Water vapor permeability and sweat absorption properties were investigated under different temperature or relative humidity values to test smart comfort capabilities of the treated fabrics. Besides, felting shrinkage and weight loss of the fabrics after repeated washing cycles were investigated for end use performance. It was found out that the wool fabrics functionalized by nanocomposite treatments exhibited dynamic breathability and sweat absorption changing with temperature and relative humidity of body or environment. Moreover, nanocomposite application enhanced rigidity, tear strength, anti-felting and weight loss performances of the wool fabric. 20 wt% CNW concentration can be suggested for thermal comfort, mechanical and end use performance enhancements to obtain smart garments having dynamic responsiveness to both body physiological and environmental changes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48674.     

Phosphate sources and their suitability for remediation of contaminated soils

Phosphate minerals and specifically apatite show promise for environmental cleanup because they can form stable compounds with a wide range of cationic contaminants. However, phosphate minerals naturally accumulate some heavy metals that may cause additional contamination of the environment if used improperly. Nine commercially available phosphate materials were evaluated for remediation of contaminated soil based on solubility, concentration of metal/metalloid impurities, and leachability of impurity metal/metalloids. The phosphate materials consisted of three groups: processed (i.e., fertilizers), mined (rock phosphates from different formations), and biogenic (ground fish bone). Processed and mined rock phosphates contained relatively high total concentrations of As, Co, Cr, and Cu but did not exceed the RCRA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) limits. Biogenic apatite contained much lower metal concentrations than processed and mined rock phosphate and was appreciably more soluble. By combining biogenic and mined phosphate it is possible to obtain a wide range of phosphate release rates, permitting rapid immobilization of contaminants while providing a slow release of phosphate for continued long-term treatment.     

Disinfection of circulating water systems by ultraviolet light and halogenation

Continuous ultraviolet light (u.v.) and chemical disinfection of circulating water systems were evaluated. Direct comparisons of the biocidal effectiveness of u.v. light vs halogenation were tested with Legionella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of their association with the acquisition of overt clinical disease from water-containing appliances. Findings indicated that six species of Legionella and P. aeruginosa were killed by a moderate level of u.v. radiation. L. pneumophila and other bacteria in a circulating water system were effectively killed by a biocidal u.v. light. However, free chlorine levels needed to kill Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium within 1 min were found to be greater than 4 mg ml^?1. Data from a long-term field trial with u.v. light treatment of evaporative condenser water showed a significant reduction in numbers of bacteria. Ultraviolet disinfection of hospital hydrotherapy whirlpools confirmed the utility of this mode of disinfection under circumstances where chlorination may not be practical for medical reasons. These findings were confirmed during investigations of halogenated or u.v.-treated public hot tub/whirlpools. The effectiveness of routine chemical disinfection for controlling microbial flora in a cooling tower was also evaluated. The 2 month survey indicated that the numbers of bacteria, including Legionella, were not affected by two biocides that were used. The observations made during this investigation support the conclusion that u.v. light disinfection of water-containing systems may be an appropriate alternative or supplement to chemical biocides.     

基于机器视觉的油画棒检测系统的设计

油画棒装盒传统方式采用人工,针对其摆放效率低、成本高的问题,设计了基于机器视觉的油画棒装盒系统,选用ARM芯片做图像处理,在有限的资源配置和时间条件下完成任务.系统通过摄像头对油画棒进行图像采集,控制电机转动油画棒,进行图像匹配,完成投放.系统先对图像定位、选取,滤波去噪,再采用改进的自适应阈值的直方图匹配算法,并结合模板图像和待匹配图像的相关系数,有效降低了计算量,提高了系统的识别率.实践证明系统的工作稳定,能实现对油画棒角度的有效调整,匹配速度快,单台识别率达到99％以上,能完成产品的自动装配.     

线阵CCD光谱分辨率检测系统设计

在分析光谱测试仪器检测设备发展现状的前提下,为解决光栅分辨率测试仪器中存在的电路复杂、探测器灵敏度低、结构可变通性差等问题,设计了一种以线阵CCD ILX554B为探测器的、以STM32F103为主控单元的线阵CCD光谱分辨率检测系统。系统利用片上高速时钟产生线阵CCD所需的驱动时序,经片上ADC采样后获取实时的光谱数据,将采集的数据经USB接口上传给上位机进行处理,获得最终的被测分光器件的光谱分辨率信息。最后,分别以汞灯和氩灯为光源,利用所设计的系统对光栅分辨率进行了测试,实验数据表明,在500 k Hz的驱动频率下,系统光谱分辨率可以达到0.01nm。系统满足低成本、高精度、稳定和可靠等要求。     

Natural-based polymers for antibacterial treatment of absorbent materials

In this study, polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric which can be used as topsheet layer of an absorbent hygienic product was modified by natural based antibacterial agents. Antibacterial herbal agents (cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, phenylethyl alcohol) were sprayed by ethanol or applied by means of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycyclohexene oxide (PCHO) based polymers prepared by three different chemical methods. Characterization of synthesized materials was conducted via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Besides characterization, antibacterial and pH buffering performances of antibacterial polymers alone and on PP fabric were tested by antibacterial and pH tests. Effects of antibacterial treatments on air permeability and absorption period of nonwoven fabrics were also analyzed. According to the results, biopolymers changed the thermal stability of PP nonwoven fabric. Antibacterial performances can be ranked as cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, and phenylethyl alcohol from the best. Besides a slight decrease about liquid absorption performance, all of the treated topsheet fabrics are sufficient for an absorbent hygienic product. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48302.