Facile synthesis of MgO–Mg2SiO4 composite ceramics with high strength and low thermal conductivity

The recycling of solid waste is a win-win solution for humans and nature. For this purpose, magnesite tailings and silicon kerf waste were employed to prepare MgO–Mg₂SiO₄ composite ceramics by solid-state reaction synthesis in the present work. Then, effects of sintering temperature and raw material ratio on as-prepared ceramics were systematically studied. As-prepared ceramics showed improvement in their relative density (from 47.55%–68.12% to 90.96%–95.25%) and cold compressive strength (from 7.34–118.66 MPa to 303.39–546.65 MPa) with the increase in sintering temperature from 1300 to 1600 °C. In addition, it was found that Si promoted synthesis process of Mg₂SiO₄ phase through transient liquid phase sintering and Fe₂O₃ accelerated sintering process through activation sintering. Consequently, the presence of Mg₂SiO₄ phase effectively improved the density and strength of MgO–Mg₂SiO₄ composite ceramic, while reducing its thermal conductivity. This work provides a potential reutilization strategy for magnesite tailings, and as-prepared products are expected to be applied in fields of construction, metallurgy, and chemical industry.     

A novel method to enhance magnetic property of bioactive glass-ceramics for hyperthermia

In this study, a novel method was proposed to enhance the magnetic property of magnetic bioactive glass-ceramic (MBGC) using graphite-modified magnetite. The crystalline composition, chemical structure, in vitro bioactivity, magnetic property, heat generating ability, cytotoxicity and the hyperthermia treatment effectiveness of the synthesized material were investigated thoroughly. The results revealed that the addition of graphite could prevent the magnetite from being oxidized. The main phases of the as-prepared material were found to be Fe₃O₄, Ca_2.87Fe_0.13(SiO₃)₃ and Ca₂SiO₄ in the CaO-SiO₂-MgO-CaF₂-P₂O₅-Fe₃O₄ system. Moreover, the material was bioactive and hydroxyapatite was observed on the surface after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 10 d. Under a magnetic field of 1.6?×?10⁶ A?m^?1, the saturation magnetization of MGBC was about 10.6?A?m² Kg^?1, while that of the contrast sample was only 2.9?A?m² kg^?1. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field (252?kHz, 1.9?×?10³ A?m^?1) for about 20?s, a temperature rise of 20?°C could be observed on the sample surface. MTT assay results showed that the material had no cytotoxicity for VX2 cells. Moreover, the hyperthermia treatment experiments were carried out by exposing the block samples (Φ8?×?2?mm) and VX2 cells simultaneously to the alternating magnetic field for 20?min. Only about 30% cells survived after the treatment, and dead cells were observed around the material. Therefore, this novel material could have potential applications for clinical hyperthermia treatment.     

铝灰的回收处理及资源化利用研究现状

铝灰是铝工业生产过程中产生的有害固体废物,每年的产生量达到上百万吨。铝灰的大量堆积会引起严重的环境与公共安全问题。铝灰中含有较多的金属铝及其氧化物、氮化物,综合回收利用铝灰对减少环境压力、提升铝行业的经济效益具有重要意义。阐述了铝灰的火法和湿法处理工艺,通过比较得出无盐火法工艺和湿法工艺是值得开发的工艺。介绍了铝灰在耐火材料、陶瓷产品、氢气制备以及工程材料等领域的综合利用现状及研究进展。指出在进一步巩固和发展铝灰原有的高附加值资源化利用的同时,应加强对铝灰处理过程中产生的气体的利用。建议根据铝灰的特性进一步开发新的资源化利用方向。     

Y2O3-MgO纳米复相红外透明陶瓷制备及其性能研究

以商用Y2O3、MgO纳米粉体为原料,通过球磨混合方法制备了不同Y2O3/MgO配比的Y2O3-MgO纳米复合粉体,使用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能量色散谱等表征手段对制备粉体的晶体结构、形貌、成分以及均匀性进行了表征。然后采用热压烧结方法制备Y2O3-MgO复相红外透明陶瓷,使用红外光谱仪、维氏硬度计等测试设备对复相透明陶瓷的光学和力学性能进行了分析。重点研究了粉体配比、热压温度、保温和保压时间等关键制备参数对Y2O3-MgO复相红外透明陶瓷晶粒尺度、致密化程度、光学及力学性能的影响。并通过调控粉体制备工艺和热压烧结工艺,制备出了红外透过率达到~80%的Y2O3-MgO复相红外透明陶瓷。同时在Y2O3:Mg0=1:1时,该复相陶瓷的硬度达到了12.3 GPa。     

CaCuO2颗粒尺寸对双粉法制备Bi系高温超导带材性能的影响

本文通过基于共沉淀工艺的双粉法制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93Ca_2.0Cu_3.06O_8+d (Bi-2223)前驱体粉末。在这一过程中,首先单独制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93CaCu_2.06O_8+d (Bi-2212)和CaCuO₂(实际相组成为Ca₂CuO₃和CuO)粉末,并分别进行了烧结。通过调节共沉淀工艺过程中的pH值,获得了颗粒尺寸不同的CaCuO₂粉末,然后将Bi-2212与其按照相组成相组成为1:1进行混合,并装入Ag包套中,通过一系列的旋锻、拉拔和轧制工艺,获得设计尺寸的Bi-2223带材。比表面积测试表明随着pH值从3.0增加到5.0和6.5,获得CaCuO₂粉末的平均颗粒尺寸从1.1减小到0.75和0.60 mm。通过扫描电镜对不同尺寸CaCuO₂颗粒制备的Bi-2223生带、第一次热处理和后处理之后带材的相组成和分布进行了表征。结果表明,适当尺寸的CaCuO₂颗粒可以避免团聚现象的出现,因此有利于高载流性能带材的获得。最终通过进一步调节带材的尺寸,1#带材的性能最高,达到了12200 Acm^_-2。     

铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn稀土镁合金高温压缩本构行为及加工图

研究了铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金在应变量为50%、温度350℃~450℃、应变速率0.0001s-1~0.1s-1的范围内热压缩过程中的本构行为、组织演变和热加工性能。通过选用双曲正弦本构方程来描述合金的流变行为以及变形参数间的关系。实验结果表明，温度和应变速率对Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金的流变应力行为有重要影响，其流变应力随温度的降低和应变速率的增加而增大，并且在温度高于400℃压缩时，合金的真应力应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特性。在本实验条件下，该合金变形期间的活化能（Q）和应力指数（n）分别为359.258 KJ / mol 和5.24，实验值与计算值之间的平均误差（ARE）为3.37％。最后基于动态材料模型加工理论，结合热加工图和压缩过程中的组织演变，确定了该合金的最佳热加工参数为：加热温度400~450℃，应变速率为0.0001s-1~0.001s-1。     

Polarization and coherence in the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect

We study the correlation of intensity fluctuations in random electromagnetic beams, the so-called Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect (HBT). We show that not just the state of coherence of the source, but also its state of polarization has a strong influence on the far-zone correlations. Different types of sources are found to have different upper bounds for the normalized HBT coefficient.     

不同干密度尾矿料压缩特性探究

为研究不同干密度尾矿料的压缩特性,采用筛分法将尾矿料分别配制成不同干密度的尾矿砂及尾矿土,进行渗透、压缩试验。试验表明:尾矿砂的沉降主要发生在施加荷载的早期阶段,且沉降量较大。压缩模量随着干密度的增大而增大,压缩系数随着干密度的增大而减小,在相同压力增量下,尾矿土的压缩性更强。     

Synergistic interactions of chemical additives on the strength development of silicate cement by a box‐behnken model optimization

The effect of water‐soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM)) and chemical additives (silicone defoamer (SD), polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC)), on the development of the strength of mortar was investigated using the Box‐Behnken design (BBD). Quadratic equations were obtained for the correlation between dosages of chemicals and the strength of the mortar, and the order of the effectiveness of the chemicals was validated in Pareto charts with contour plots to illustrate the chemicals and their interactions on the strength enhancement of mortar. The results showed that the interaction effects of SD and PAM enhanced the strength of cement mortar for all curing times, and the rates of contribution were 16.5%, 20.1%, and 19.4%, respectively. On the basis of the performance analysis of the four additives, optimized formulations were highlighted via overlapped contour plots. Heat of hydration and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were introduced to confirm the interaction between SD and PAM. The improvement of compressive strength attributes to the synergistic interactions between SD and PAM, including the physical interaction resulted from the doping of SD, which promoting the damage of air bubble, decreasing the porosity and increasing the compressive strength, and the chemical interaction resulted from the doping of PAM, which producing ionic compounds and forming dense structure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41071.