Waves in generalized thermo-viscoelastic infinite continuum with cylindrical cavity due to three-phase-lag time-nonlocal heat transfer

Abstract

Generalized thermoelastic interactions due to three-phase-lag time-nonlocal heat transfer in a Kelvin-Voigt type infinitely extended visco-thermoelastic continuum with cylindrical cavity has been investigated. The two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory has also been taken into account. The problem has been solved in the domain of Laplace on the assumption that the surface of the cavity is free from traction and is subjected to a smooth and time-dependent-heating effect. Laplace inversion of the transformed solutions has been carried out numerically. The obtained numerical data for different considerations are plotted in graphs to study the effects of time-nonlocal parameter, two-temperature parameter and visco-thermoelastic relaxation parameter on different thermoelastic quantities of physical interest.     

Improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tea polyphenols by encapsulation into gelatin nanoparticles

The authors prepared surface modified (with polyelectrolyte layers), tea polyphenols (TPP) encapsulated, gelatin nanoparticles (TPP‐GNP) and characterised them. The size of the spherical nanoparticles was ∼50 nm. Number of polyelectrolyte layers and incubation time influenced the encapsulation efficiency (EE); highest EE was noted in nanoparticles with six polyelectrolyte layers (TPP‐GNP‐6L) incubated for 4 h. TPP released from TPP‐GNP‐6L in simulated biological fluids indicated protection and controlled release of TPP due to encapsulation. Mathematical modelling indicated anomalous type as a predominant mode of TPP release. TPP‐GNP‐6L exhibited enhanced pharmacokinetics in rabbit model compared with free TPP. The area under the concentration‐time curve and mean residence time were significantly higher in TPP‐GNP‐6L compared with free TPP which provide an evidence of higher bioavailability of TPP due to encapsulation. The authors demonstrated that encapsulation of TPP into GNPs favoured slow and sustained release of TPP with improved pharmacokinetics and bioavailability thereby can prolong the action of TPP.Inspec keywords: gelatin, nanoparticles, encapsulation, biomedical materials, nanomedicine, particle size, polymer electrolytes, polymer films, nanofabricationOther keywords: bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, gelatin nanoparticles, surface modified tea polyphenols, polyelectrolyte layers, spherical nanoparticle size, incubation time, encapsulation efficiency, TPP‐GNP‐6L, simulated biological fluids, mathematical modelling, TPP release, rabbit model, concentration‐time curve, mean residence time, time 4 h     

Anonymization of moving objects databases by clustering and perturbation

Preserving individual privacy when publishing data is a problem that is receiving increasing attention. Thanks to its simplicity the concept of k-anonymity, introduced by Samarati and Sweeney [1], established itself as one fundamental principle for privacy preserving data publishing. According to the k-anonymity principle, each release of data must be such that each individual is indistinguishable from at least k−1 other individuals.     

Predicting performance in ASEAN banks: an integrated fuzzy MCDM–neural network approach

This paper presents a performance assessment of 88 Association of Southeast Asian Nations banks from 2010 to 2013, using an integrated three‐stage approach on financial criteria that emulates the CAMELS rating system. More precisely, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used first to assess the relative weights of a number of criteria related to capital adequacy (C), asset quality (A), management quality (M), earnings (E), liquidity (L), and sensitivity to market risk (S) based on the opinion of 88 Association of Southeast Asian Nations experts. Then, these weights are used as technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution inputs to assess their relative efficiency. Lastly, neural networks are combined with technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution results to produce a model for banking performance with effective predictive ability. The results reveal that contextual variables have a prominent impact on efficiency. Specifically, parsimony in equity leveraging derived from Islamic finance principles may be the underlying cause in explaining higher efficiency levels.     

TMT-HCC: A tool for text mining the biomedical literature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers identification

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. New insights into the pathogenesis of this lethal disease are urgently needed. Chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) can lead to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors in human cancers. Thus, identification of cancer-specific CNAs will not only provide new insight into understanding the molecular basis of tumor genesis but also facilitate the identification of HCC biomarkers using CNA.     

Structural,mechanical, and electrical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized from diesel

We studied the elemental analysis, structural morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized from diesel. The spherical carbon particle size in the range of about 10 to 80 nm in diameter was observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies that were identified by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study as an aggregation of carbon particles of average size 2.5 nm. The surface rms of carbon nanoparticle thin film (CNTF) was measured directly by AFM and found 0.22 nm. The Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) elastic modulus of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) was measured by PeakForce QNM mode of AFM. The minimum and maximum elastic modulus was measured of 0.40 GPa and 43.89 GPa, respectively. The resistivity, conductivity, magneto resistance, mobility, and average Hall co-efficient were measured by “Ecopia Hall-effect measurement system” by four-point Van der Pauw approach at ambient condition. We demonstrated I–V characteristic at the Indium/CNTF thin film interface, which is accompanied by rectifying behavior.     

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into methanol using graphitic carbon nitride under solar,UV laser and broadband radiations

Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol using highly efficient g‐C₃N₄, in conjunction with three different radiations (solar radiation, broad‐band ultraviolet (UV)–visible lamp, and laser beam) is presented. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of the synthesized g‐C₃N₄ were studied using advanced analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, high‐angle annular dark field, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The relative merits of the three sources of radiation in the presence of g‐C₃N₄ were studied in terms of key figures of merit of the photocatalytic process, namely, methanol production yield and quantum yield. As expected, after 40 min of irradiation, 355‐nm laser (40 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) with g‐C₃N₄ rendered the best methanol production yield (510 μmol g ^{? 1} h ^{? 1}), followed by solar radiation (130 μmol g ^{? 1} h ^{? 1}), and UV broadband lamp. This indicates that the photon flux and the spectral properties of incident light are the key factors for the enhancement of methanol production yield. Although the methanol production yield with 355‐nm laser radiation is quite impressive because of the inherent high photon flux and the monochromatic nature of laser, the methanol yield of 130 μmol g ^{? 1} h ^{? 1} with natural sunlight is quite an important result, as it can be used for the development of large‐scale solar fuel generation facilities by harnessing the naturally abundant solar radiation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of input variability on the quality of laser shock processing

Laser shock processing (LSP) involves high-energy laser radiation combined with suitable overlays to generate high-pressure pulses on the surface of the metal. The stress wave generated due to high pressure pulses propagates into the material causing the surface layer to yield and plastically deform, and thereby, develop a significant residual compressive stress in the surface region of the substrate material. The developed compressive stress field is beneficial to improve surface properties such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion. To improve the understanding of the shock hardening process, investigation into the physical processes involved is necessary. In the first part of this paper, the temporal variation in the pressure intensity and spot size is calculated by using a two-dimensional recoil pressure prediction model. Using an explicit non-linear FEA code, ANSYS LS-DYNA, the deformation behavior and residual stresses in the substrate material are predicted. In the second part, a probabilistic approach to the modeling and analysis of LSP is presented in this paper. Various factors that affect the probabilistic performance of the LSP are grouped into categories and a select number of factors known to be significant, for which the variability could be assessed, are modeled as random variables (such as recoil pressure, laser beam spot size, substrate material properties and others). The potential of the probabilistic approach in predicting the structural integrity of the laser-shocked components is addressed.     

Biosolids accumulation and biodegradation of domestic wastewater treatment plant sludge by developed liquid state bioconversion process using a batch fermenter

The biosolids accumulation and biodegradation of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWTP) sludge by filamentous fungi have been investigated in a batch fermenter. The filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum isolated from wastewater and DWTP sludge was used to evaluate the treatment performance. The optimized mixed inoculum (A. niger and P. corylophilum) and developed process conditions (co-substrate and its concentration, temperature, initial pH, inoculum size, and aeration and agitation rate) were incorporated to accelerate the DWTP sludge treatment process. The results showed that microbial treatment of higher strength of DWTP sludge (4% w/w of TSS) was highly influenced by the liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. In developed bioconversion processes, 93.8 g/kg of biosolids was enriched with fungal biomass protein of 30 g/kg. Enrichment of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) in biosolids was recorded in 6.2% (w/w), 3.1% (w/w) and 0.15% (w/w) from its initial values of 4.8% (w/w), 2.0% (w/w) and 0.08% (w/w) respectively after 10 days of fungal treatment. The biodegradation results revealed that 98.8% of TSS, 98.2% of TDS, 97.3% of turbidity, 80.2% of soluble protein, 98.8% of reducing sugar and 92.7% of COD in treated DWTP sludge supernatant were removed after 8 days of microbial treatment. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) in treated sludge (1.4x10(12) m/kg) was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment of DWTP sludge after 6 days of fermentation compared to untreated sample (85x10(12) m/kg).