制药工程专业药剂学教学的体会

药剂学是国内外制药工程专业的核心课程之一。本文针对制药工程专业的特点及培养目标,结合自身的教学体会,通过培养学生主体意识、结合教学内容的优化和教学方法的改进,实现了教学观念和教学模式的转变,提高了药剂学的教学效果。     

黄土高原典型流域网格化逐时降水融合产品CMPA V1.0的精度分析

选取黄土高原无定河、窟野河和皇甫川流域为研究区,从水文应用角度评估了中国自动站与CMORPH融合的逐时降水产品(CMPA V1.0)的精度。结果表明,CMPA V1.0降雨数据总体上较雨量站实测值偏低;与6、9月相比,8月降水产品精度较低。随降水量级的增加,CMPA V1.0对降水事件发生频次的监测能力和对降水事件监测的稳定性有所降低,误报率整体升高;CMPA V1.0低估了小雨的发生频率及降水贡献率,高估了雨强大于2.5mm/h降雨的发生频率及降水贡献率;CMPA V1.0能合理地反映研究区降水的日变化过程,但低估了研究区的时段平均降水量和时段平均降水频率,高估了研究区14:00前的时段平均降水强度。     

深圳回龙埔会所

<正>回龙埔会所是回龙埔地标级产业新城项目的一部分,着眼于深圳统筹区域发展的东进战略。设计团队结合当地产业生态和文化语境,以都市年轻客群为对象,塑造多元复合的体验式商业空间。室内设计正是从当代年轻人的消费心理出发,以时尚跳跃的视觉呈现、自由对接的功能分区、注重情感和直觉的氛围营造,来契合青年消费者的多元化生活方式,并将这种理念无缝贯穿到会所各空间。     

和睦桥流域同位素示踪剂划分事件水的试验研究

流量过程线的划分结果对流域滞时分析、降雨径流关系确定和坡地汇流计算影响很大。以和睦桥小流域为例,基于该区域2015~2016年4场降雨资料,运用同位素方法对流域的流量过程线进行划分,探究降水总量和平均雨强对事件水贡献比例的影响。结果表明,事件前水占总流量的百分比例很大(67.9%~98.3%),肯定了事件前水的重要性;总降水量和降雨强度与事件前水占总流量的百分比例均呈负相关,这主要与流域所处地理位置的气候条件和下垫面前期土壤含水量有关;不同雨型主要通过降雨事件过程中的蒸发作用来影响事件前水的贡献比例,而相同雨型的降雨事件可能与前期土壤含水量有关。     

基于改进ANP方法的新沂市水生态文明城市评价

为评价江苏省新沂市水生态文明城市的建设情况,根据指标体系的构建原则,结合地方特色,在现有评价指标的基础上新增四个重要指标。同时,利用熵权法和基于博弈论的综合赋权法改进网络层次分析法(ANP),并结合专家打分的方式对新沂市2012、2015年的建设状况做出评价。结果表明,到2015年,新沂市水生态文明城市建设已取得突出成就,综合得分大幅提升1.37分,各二级指标达标率均超过85%,其中尤以水文化、水安全及水管理方面进步最为显著;针对进步较小的水环境和水生态建设提出了改进措施,对进一步打造水生态文明城市有参考价值。     

布谷鸟搜索算法在梯级水库优化调度中的应用

针对梯级水库优化调度在求解时易出现维数灾及计算时间过长等问题,将布谷鸟搜索算法用于梯级水库优化调度问题求解。实例计算表明,应用布谷鸟搜索算法求解梯级水库优化调度问题时,不但能对水库优化调度模型进行有效求解,还能节约计算用时,为求解高维梯级水库优化调度提供了新的思路。     

浦东新区内河防洪警戒水位核定

随着浦东新区社会和经济的迅速发展、水利建设和防汛设施不断完善,全区江河水情及工情都发生了变化,现行内河防洪警戒水位标准已不能满足需要,因此需重新检验和制订相适应的警戒水位。为对城市防洪中暴雨引起的河道水位雍高进行预警,结合浦东河道水系,将全区划分成3个区域;将现有水位遥测站与区域空间分布相结合,选取各区域代表水位站;对各代表水位站的特征水位值做经验频率计算,得到常遇洪水位;根据各代表站的常遇洪水位,结合所在区域的水面积、河道防洪能力及社会经济条件等,综合核定得到各区域的警戒水位。新的警戒水位可满足需求,在汛期中有效地减少警戒水位超限次数。     

Defects in CVDZnS

Defects seriously influence the optical properties and mechanical properties of CVDZnS.The deposition technique was introduced and experiment methods such as SEM,TEM and OM were adopted to study the defects:hexagonal phase,abnormally large grains,micro-cracks,micro-pores and impurities.The microstructures of these defects were observed,and the formation mechanisms of these defects were analyzed.Hexagonal ZnS as an impurity causes anisotropy in different directions with different refraction indexes and increases the scattering of CVDZnS.Increasing the deposition temperature can inhibit the formation of the hexagonal phase.The main reason for the growth of abnormally large grains in CVDZnS is high deposition rate.The lower deposition temperature increases growth stress in CVDZnS,which consequently results in the bowing of CVDZnS plates,and introduces microscopic defects such as grain blending and micro-cracks in the crystal.Micro-pores and impurities are induced by high reactant concentration in the local deposition chamber,which can be avoided by improving the gas flowing so as to make the concentration more uniform.     

In vitro comparison of hepatic metabolism of 9cis-11 trans and 10trans-12cis isomers of CLA in the rat

Hepatic metabolism of the two main isomers of CLA (9cis-11 trans, 10trans-12cisC_18∶2) was compared to that of oleic acid (representative of the main plasma FA) in 16 rats by using the in vitro method of incubated liver slices. Liver tissue samples were incubated at 37°C for 17h under an atmosphere of 95% O₂/5%CO₂ in a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of FA mixture (representative of circulating nonesterified FA) and with 55 μM [1-¹⁴C]9cis-11 trans C_18∶2, [1-¹⁴C]10trans-12cis C_18∶2, or [1-¹⁴C]oleate. The uptake of CLA by hepatocytes was similar for both isomers (9%) and was three times higher (P<0.01) than for oleate (2.6%). The rate of CLA isomer oxidation was two times higher (49 and 40% of incorporated amounts of 9cis-11 trans and 10trans-12 cis, respectively) than that of oleate (P<0.01). Total oxidation of oleate and CLA isomers into [¹⁴CO₂] was low (2 to 7% of total oxidized FA) compared to the partial oxidation (93 to 98%) leading to the production of [¹⁴C] acid-soluble products. CLA isoemrs escaping from catabolism were both highly desaturated (26.7 and 26.8%) into conjugated 18∶3. Oleate and CLA isomers were mainly esterified into neutral lipids (30%). They were slowly secreted as parts of VLDL particles (<0.4% of FA incorporated into cells), the extent of secretion of oleate and of 10trans-12 cis being 2.2-fold higher than that of 9cis-11 trans (P<0.02). In conclusion, this study clearly showed that both CLA isomers were highly catabolized by hepatocytes, reducing their availability for peripheral tissues. Moreover, more than 25% of CLA escaping from catabolism was converted into conjugated 18∶3, the biological properties of which remain to be elucidated.