高凝油井筒温度场计算及流态转变分析

高凝油含蜡量高,凝固点高,在沿井筒向上流动的过程中,当油流温度低于所含蜡的初始结晶温度时,蜡容易析出并聚集,使原油逐渐失去流动性,最终阻塞管线,严重影响开采效果。为解 决这一问题,根据传热学基本原理,建立了适合高凝油井的井筒温度场数学模型,通过实验得到了高凝油的黏温曲线,进而对潍北油田的高凝油井筒温度场及流态转变进行了研究,指出了解决该油田油 井结蜡问题的途径,对实现高凝油的正常生产具有一定的指导意义。     

注热水开发潍北高凝油藏

潍北低渗高凝油藏的原油含蜡量高达30%左右,其流动性对温度极其敏感.当温度低于析蜡点时,蜡逐渐结晶析出;当温度低于反常点时,原油黏度急剧增加,且储层具有较为严重的水敏效应.油藏在注水开发过程中,存在有机堵塞、水敏堵塞、冷伤害堵塞以及固体颗粒堵塞问题;注热水保持油层温度和压力,可达到储层解堵和提高储层吸水能力的目的,而且注入水温度优化后,还可以节能降耗,降低注水开发成本.     

潍北油田高凝油流变性研究

针对潍北油田高凝油井因原油凝固、井筒结蜡等导致的抽油杆卡死、断脱、油井停产等不能正常生产的现象,通过气相、液相色谱分析了潍北油田4组油样的组成,运用液体流变性测量仪研究了其粘温特征、流变特性,利用原油凝固点测定仪测定了其在不同含水(乳化水)率下的凝固点,进而对4组油样的流变模式进行了分析研究.通过分析实验数据和流变模式发现,4组油样的碳数最大值均出现在C25附近,平均碳数为22左右,其含蜡量高达28.83%～30.06%,胶质含量为4%左右,沥青质含量约为1%,凝固点高达31～39.5 ℃;高凝油对温度十分敏感,其粘温关系呈三折线式;高凝油的凝固点随含水率的增加先增大后减小,在含水率为70%左右出现峰值;在高凝油的凝固点附近剪切时,高凝油的粘度大幅降低,高凝油温度低于凝固点时,4组油样均为非牛顿流体,具有剪切稀释性.采取井筒加热、原油破乳、螺杆泵实时高速剪切等措施,可以有效改善高凝油的开采效果.     

准等熵加载特性对PBXC03炸药起爆的影响规律

为了研究准等熵加载特性对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)起爆响应特性的影响规律,对具有不同加载压力(8,10,12 GPa)与加载斜率的准等熵加载下PBXC03炸药起爆响应过程进行数值模拟计算。采用准等熵加载下PBXC03炸药起爆响应实验得到1,1.5,2,3,4 mm处炸药背面粒子速度时间曲线,确定了PBXC03炸药的弹粘塑性双球壳塌缩反应速率模型(DZK)参数。利用DZK模型与参数得到了准等熵加载下峰值压力与加载斜率对PBXC03炸药起爆响应特性的影响规律。结果表明,两种加载方式(不同压力与不同斜率)对PBXC03炸药起爆过程均有较大影响,其他条件相同的情况下,加载斜率或峰值压力越大,炸药内的冲击波阵面峰值压力曲线和冲击波迹线增长越快且到爆轰时间越短。     

高校餐厅餐饮安全监管系统设计

目的高校餐厅是人员密集场所,也是食品安全监管的重要对象。以往单独依靠人工的监管方式已经不能满足高校餐厅餐饮安全监管的需求,迫切需要借助现代化技术手段提升餐饮安全监管水平。方法本文以高校餐厅为例。根据危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)管理体系建立原则,对高校餐厅在实施全程质量控制过程中的危害因素进行分析,确定关键控制点(CCPs)。在此基础上,运用"互联网+食品安全监管"理念,借助先进的检测技术,本文设计了一套高校餐厅餐饮安全监管系统。结果通过对食品加工的全流程监控、关键控制点监测,该系统可增强餐厅餐饮安全管理的规范性。此外,该系统可实现餐饮安全监管的可追溯、食品安全事件的预判及前置处理,最大程度地保障食品安全。结论本文设计的系统可操作性强,可在各高校及大型集中供餐单位推广使用,具有一定的应用价值和示范引领作用。     

高凝原油井筒温度场影响因素研究

高凝原油由于含蜡量高、凝固点高,井筒结蜡严重,开采效果差。根据传热学基本原理,建立了高凝原油井筒温度场数学模型,并选取了潍北油田的4口生产井,对影响井筒温度场的因素进行了分析。结果表明,油井产液量、体积含水率、油管导热系数和电热杆加热功率对井筒温度影响较大,生产时间对井筒温度的影响较小;油井产液量、油管导热热阻和电热杆加热功率的增加对改善井筒结蜡状况有利,而体积含水率(乳化水)的增加对井筒结蜡具有恶化作用,井筒电热杆加热存在最优的加热参数;采取增产(如提液、压裂、注水等)、原油破乳、保温油管以及井筒电热杆加热等措施,可有效改善高凝原油的流动性,实现高凝原油的正常举升。      

Experimental study of density gradient-driven micro-instabilities and the confinement degradation during H-mode in EAST

A broadband(BB) mode is observed by collective Thomson scattering diagnostics in repeatable shots of EAST and analyzed for the first time. This BB mode usually grows during L–H transitions,featuring a BB quasi-coherent mode with increasing frequency. During H-mode operations, it is characterized by steady-state BB in the high-frequency range( f ～ 200–2000 k Hz), at the electron scale(k_θρ_s= 1–2), mainly driven by the density gradient, and is sensitive to the value of ηein th...     

Investigation of phase modulation and propagation-route effect from unmatched large-scale structures for Doppler reflectometry measurement through 2D full-wave modeling

To interpret the common symmetric peaks caused by the large-scale structure in the complex S(f) spectrum from the heterodyne Doppler reflectometry(DR) measurement in EAST, a 2D circular-shaped O-mode full-wave model based on the finite-difference time-domain method is built. The scattering characteristics and the influences on the DR signal from various scales are investigated. When the structure is located around the cutoff layer, a moving radial or poloidal large-scale structure k_θ■...     

网络中基于Agent的信息搜索特点及策略规划

基于网络条件下信息搜索的特点，采用搜索策略表示信息收集Agent对主机进行信息查寻的规划和过程，将搜索过程看作是一个三维空间，这个空间由条件、方法、信息源构成；给出了一种基于Agent的信息查找策略，用AgentSpeak(L)描述并实现了规划过程．     

Modification of Boundary Parameters and Fluctuations by IBW and LHCD in the HT-7 Tokamak

Measurements of boundary parameters and their fluctuations have been performed in ohmic (OH) plasma and Ion Bernstein Wave (IBW) and Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) enhanced confinement plasma using a pneumatically driven Langmuir probe array on HT-7 toka-maX. In the enhanced confinement plasma~ the gradients of electron density and temperature become higher and a transport barrier comes into being in the vicinity of the limiter. The boundary potential shows a clear modification in the same region. The fluctuation levels are significantly depressed and the coherences between fluctuations are reduced evidently in the enhanced plasma.Meanwhile, we obtained the spectral features and the poloidal phase velocity of fluctuations us-ing a two-point correlation technique and found obvious modifications of the turbulence and the poloidal flow. The results suggest that the improved confinement in the IBW and LHCD enhanced plasma is at least partially due to the modification of the boundary parameters and the suppression of the boundary fluctuations and fluctuation induced fluxes.