脉冲电压下电力电子装备绝缘电荷特性研究综述

电力电子装备长期处于高频、陡脉冲电压的运行工况下,其绝缘系统易发生早期失效,可能会威胁电力系统运行的安全性和可靠性.因此,探究脉冲电压下绝缘劣化机理对保障电力系统安全稳定运行具有重要意义.该文综合国内外研究现状,介绍了几种常见电力电子装备及其运行工况,通过对绝缘体击穿与沿面闪络影响机理的论述,揭示了电荷行为对绝缘劣化的重要作用,阐述了脉冲电压参数对电荷特性影响的研究进展,并对目前研究存在的不足进行了总结与探讨.未来应提升脉冲电压下电荷测试技术,明确脉冲边沿时刻电荷动态特性,以阐明绝缘劣化机理.这些研究成果将为脉冲电压下电力电子装备绝缘材料和电力系统的优化设计提供参考和理论指导.     

加强交通强国内涵建设,推进交通服务的质量变革

一、新时代建设交通强国的内涵:质量是核心 上海交通在技术方面的领先目前基本上已经实现,高铁、洋山港自动化港口这些技术已经处于领先地位.但要建设人民满意的交通,还应加强内涵建设:注重交通服务的品质与质量的要求,放眼世界,推进质量变革、效率变革,在更大范畴的涵义内体现中国特色.其中,质量是核心,"四梁八柱"中"四梁"的核心就是推进质量变革、效率变革和动力变革,着力服务人民、服务大局,强调服务的概念,要让人民满意.     

合金元素对铝合金在泰国曼谷地区初期腐蚀行为的影响

在泰国曼谷地区对5083、6063和7020 3种铝合金进行为期1 a的暴晒实验,采用SEM、电化学实验、XPS和扫描Kelvin探针显微镜(SKPFM)对3种铝合金初期腐蚀形貌及腐蚀机理进行研究。结果表明:6063铝合金中Mg、Si、Fe等合金元素含量较少,腐蚀电位相对较高,约为-0.66 V (vs SCE),腐蚀产物膜较为致密,耐蚀性较好,在泰国曼谷地区的腐蚀速率约为0.7 g/(m^2·a)。7020铝合金含有较多Mg、Zn等合金元素,腐蚀电位约为-0.78 V (vs SCE),腐蚀最为严重,腐蚀速率约为3.26 g/(m^2·a)。3种铝合金均含有Mn、Si、Fe等合金元素,从而形成Fe-Si-Al或Fe-Si(Mn)-Al第二相,第二相表面电位高于基体225~280 mV,在大气环境中第二相作为阴极相,周围的基体Al优先溶解脱落,成为点蚀坑。     

Green preparation of in situ Cr3C2 nano-coatings on graphite surface and their water-wettability and rheological properties

Cr₃C₂ coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of graphite flakes via a molten salt route by mixing Cr powders with natural graphite flakes in a binary LiCl-KCl salt at 450–950?°C for 4–12?h. The phases and microstructures of the coatings were verified by its XRD/XPS spectra and SEM/AFM observations, respectively. Together with the dissolution/dispersion evidence of chromium powders after interaction with the salt, and the slightly increased particle sizes due to the formation of Cr₃C₂ coatings on graphite flakes, a ‘template-growth’ kinetic process was therefore proposed on the formation of such coatings in the molten salt. The resultant coatings decreased the contact angle between water and graphite from 101° to ~ 75° and lowered the apparent viscosities of graphite water slurry by two orders of magnitude accordingly, suggesting that the coatings will afford graphite with good processing abilities for carbon-water based materials.     

附加外场力对锌锅表层锌液流动和锌渣分布的影响

实测了热镀锌锌锅表层锌液的流速,并分析了锌锅浮渣的分布特点,提出了一种在锌锅锌液上方主动加载外场力作用以驱动锌液流动进而改变锌渣分布的新方法,称为锌渣流动管理方法(DFMS-Dross Flowing Management System)。通过源力加载的方式修正了流体动量守恒方程,建立了锌液流场数值计算模型,模拟了不同外场力加载布局下锌锅表层锌液的流场。结果表明,附加外场力作用可有效促进锌锅表层锌液的切向流动,最大切向流速可达0.8 m/s;表层锌液的切向流动可拖动锌渣跟随流动,进而改变锌渣分布,促进锌锅排渣,证实了DFMS的有效性。模拟结果还表明,锌锅表层锌液的切向流速受外场力加载时间的影响较小,而随加载外场力的增大而增大,但加载外场力的大小对100~200 mm深锌液的流速影响较小。最后,通过定义锌锅表层锌液的排渣时间因子讨论了不同外场力加载方式的排渣效率。     

Inverse reinforcement learning-based time-dependent A* planner for human-aware robot navigation with local vision

In an environment where robots coexist with humans, mobile robots should be human-aware and comply with humans' behavioural norms so as to not disturb humans' personal space and activities. In this work, we propose an inverse reinforcement learning-based time-dependent A* planner for human-aware robot navigation with local vision. In this method, the planning process of time-dependent A* is regarded as a Markov decision process and the cost function of the time-dependent A* is learned using the inverse reinforcement learning via capturing humans' demonstration trajectories. With this method, a robot can plan a path that complies with humans' behaviour patterns and the robot's kinematics. When constructing feature vectors of the cost function, considering the local vision characteristics, we propose a visual coverage feature for enabling robots to learn from how humans move in a limited visual field. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated by experiments in real-world scenarios: using this approach robots can effectively mimic human motion patterns when avoiding pedestrians; furthermore, in a limited visual field, robots can learn to choose a path that enables them to have the larger visual coverage which shows a better navigation performance.