Characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of porcine skin gelatin affected by thermal action

Thermal action in extraction process had effects on characteristic tryptic peptides identification and gelling properties of porcine gelatin. SDS-PAGE, HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, texture analyser and rheometer were used to evaluate collagen depolymerisation degree, characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of gelatins prepared in various thermal actions. Results showed that with increasing temperature and time, depolymerisation degree enlarged, while gel strength, gelling and melting temperature decreased. Mass spectra showed that 47 and 49 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in gelatins extracted at 50 °C and 100 °C with various times, respectively. Moreover, 34 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in all gelatin samples. Further comparison between this work and our previous investigations yielded 20 common characteristic tryptic peptides, which stably exist in various thermal actions. These common characteristic tryptic peptides may be very helpful for the accurate authentication of porcine gelatin.     

Authenticity green coffee bean species and geographical origin using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

To prevent the adulteration of agricultural resources and provide a solution to enhance the green coffee bean supply chain, authentication using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique was investigated. Partial least square with discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models combined with various preprocessing methods were built from NIR spectra of 153 Vietnamese green coffee samples. The model combined with the standard normal variate and the first order of derivative yielded excellent performance in predicting coffee species with the error cross-validation of 0.0261. PLS-DA model of mean centre and first-order derivative spectra also yielded good performance in verifying geographical indication of green coffee with the error of 0.0656. By contrast, the predicting abilities of post-harvest methods were poor. The overall results showed a high potential of the NIRS in online authentication practices.     

Relationships of tensile strength with crosslink density for the high-carbon black-filled EPDM compounds with various softeners

Equilibrium swelling and rheological tests were adopted to systematically investigate the effects of softener type and dosage on the crosslink densities. The results turned out that the chemical crosslink density could be distinguished from the physical crosslink density by comparing the results of equilibrium swelling and rheological tests. The liquid butadiene (LB) as a softener leads to the greatest reduction in crosslink density, followed by polyethylene wax (PW) and paraffinic oil (PO). The tensile strength decreases with increasing PO content while shows peak values with increase of LB and PW contents. The dependencies of chemical crosslink density on the aging time under 150°C are quite different for the three softeners, which can be expected from the double crosslinking networks consisting of small softener and large main crosslinking networks. Further investigation has been performed to correlate the tensile strength with chemical crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer vulcanizates. Three different linear relationships can be obtained for the softeners independent of the aging time. It can now be expected from this study that the role of some new softeners in rubber compounds is not only confined to plasticization but also forms crosslinking networks in the peroxide-cured rubbers.     

变压器内部故障在线检测方法仿真及误差分析

为研究变压器内部故障在线检测方法的有效性及抗干扰性,搭建实际变压器的非线性三维有限元模型.对变压器常见几种类型的内部故障进行详细的结构仿真,通过"场-路耦合法"构建各类型故障的ΔV-I1轨迹.同时,通过对正常绕组的测量信号设置一定的误差,构建了考虑测量误差时的误差轨迹.在此基础上,将正常时的标准轨迹、误差轨迹和各种类型的故障轨迹进行对比分析,通过对ΔV-I1轨迹特征差异的定性分析与定量计算,验证该方法在实际应用中的有效性,总结判断各类型故障的规则,同时针对测量误差所造成的干扰提出了建议.     

两级伸缩式液压缸与四柱两级滑轨的故障分析与排除

本文通过对两级伸缩式液压缸与四柱滑轨结合使用中所出现问题及处理过程的阐述,提出了在液压系统设计与制造中,准确的原理仅仅是基础,其上还有许许多多的细枝末节需要仔细修剪,比如污染、噪声、温度、泄漏以及与机械的协调等等。     

Human responses to high levels of carbon dioxide and air temperature

In this study, 30 subjects were exposed to different combinations of air temperature (T_a: 24, 27, and 30°C) and CO₂ level (8000, 10 000, and 12 000 ppm) in a high-humidity (RH: 85%) underground climate chamber. Subjective assessments, physiological responses, and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that as compared with exposure to T_a = 24°C, exposure to 30°C at all CO₂ levels caused subjects to feel uncomfortably warm and experience stronger odor intensity, while increased mental effort and greater intensity of acute health symptoms were reported. However, no significant effects of T_a on task performance or physiological responses were found. This indicated that subjects had to exert more effort to maintain their performance in an uncomfortably warm environment. Increasing CO₂ from 8000 to 12 000 ppm at all T_a caused subjects to report higher rates of headache, fatigue, agitation, and feeling depressed, although the results were statistically significant only at 24 and 27°C. The text typing performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at this exposure, whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thermal discomfort increased significantly. These effects suggest higher arousal/stress. No significant interaction effect of T_a and CO₂ concentration on human responses was identified.     

miR-29a/HMGB1信号通路在高糖高脂诱导的心肌细胞纤维化中的作用

目的：探究miR-29a/HMGB1信号通路在高糖高脂（hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, HGHL）诱导的H9C2细胞纤维化过程中的作用。方法：使用含葡萄糖（33 mmol/L）和棕榈酸酯（500 μmol/L）的DMEM培养基干预H9C2细胞24 h用于后续实验。共有8个实验分组，分别为NC组、HGHL组、miR-NC组、mimics组、inhibitor组、pc-HMGB1组、si-HMGB1组和miR-29a mimics+pc-HMGB1组。流式细胞术检测各组H9C2细胞的凋亡率。Western blot实验检测各组H9C2细胞内转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ（PPARγ）和高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）的表达量。RT-qPCR检测各组细胞中miR-29a以及TGF-β1、CTGF、MMP-9、PPARγ、HMGB1 mRNA的表达水平。划痕实验检测各组H9C2细胞的迁移能力。结果：HGHL干预后，H9C2细胞的凋亡率显著增加（P<0.05），细胞迁移能力显著增强（P<0.05），细胞内TGF-β1、CTGF和MMP-9 mRNA表达水平显著增加（P<0.05），PPARγ mRNA的表达水平显著降低（P<0.05），相应蛋白的表达量也随mRNA的变化发生改变（P<0.05），此外H9C2细胞内miR-29a的表达水平也显著降低（P<0.05）。转染miR-29a mimics后，H9C2细胞因HGHL干预引起的凋亡率增加受到显著抑制（P<0.05），细胞的迁移能力也受到显著抑制（P<0.05），细胞内TGF-β1、CTGF和MMP-9蛋白表达量和mRNA表达水平相较于HGHL组显著降低（P<0.05），PPARγ蛋白表达量和mRNA表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）。转染miR-29a inhibitor后促进了HGHL诱导的H9C2细胞纤维化过程。miR-29a负调控HMGB1蛋白及其mRNA在H9C2细胞内的表达，双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示HMGB1是miR-29a的下游靶基因。转染si-HMGB1与转染miR-29a mimics对HGHL诱导的H9C2细胞纤维化作用类似。同时转染miR-29a mimics与pc-HMGB1对HGHL诱导的H9C2心肌细胞纤维化无显著影响。 结论：HGHL干预后显著增加H9C2细胞的凋亡率，增强其迁移能力和纤维化的过程。同时HGHL干预显著下调miR-29a在细胞内的表达水平，miR-29a通过负调控HMGB1在细胞内的表达进而影响HGHL诱导的H9C2细胞纤维化。     

净水水处理剂中有害杂质在水中残留物分析与风险评估

与欧盟和美国标准相比,我国硫酸铝和硫酸铵标准缺少对水处理剂中有害杂质镍、锑、硒、银、吡啶、氰化物、六价铬的检测;次氯酸钠缺少对水处理剂中有害杂质汞、铬、镉、铁、镍、锑、硒、银、六价铬的检测。结合某市2019年上半年13个水厂出厂水和原水的检测数据,剔除了5项始终低于检出限的有害杂质指标,以及2项出厂水浓度低于原水浓度的有害杂质指标。建议该市硫酸铝和硫酸铵的检测项目可以在原有国标基础上增加锑、硒;次氯酸钠可以增加汞、锑、硒。     

Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

In this paper, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are investigated. According to the feature of PMSMs, a novel state equation of PMSMs is obtained by choosing suitable state variables. Based on the state equation, robust controllers are designed via interval matrix and PI control idea. In terms of bilinear matrix inequations, sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust controller are derived. In order to reduce the conservation and the dependence on parameter, the control inputs of PMSMs are divided into two parts, a feedforward control input and a feedback control input, and relevant sufficient conditions for the existence of the controller are obtained. Because of the suitable choice of state variables, the proposed control strategies can cope with the load uncertainty and have robustness for disturbance. Finally, simulations are carried out via Matlab/Simulink soft to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. The performance of the proposed control strategies are demonstrated by the simulation results.