意大利如何在古丝绸之路上再铸辉煌（英文）

古"丝绸之路"使中国的丝绸取代了地中海地区的丝绸,现如今,同样的"丝绸之路"仍旧以不同的形式存在着,意大利目前仍从中国购买几乎所有的丝绸原材料。外贸对于意大利丝绸业依旧是最重要的,出口以丝织物为主,意大利丝绸产品2016年的出口总值达到8.73亿欧元,较2015年略有增长,但由于价格压力和激烈的竞争,丝绸用量显著减少。不仅仅是意大利,当今世界的丝绸行业正承受着缺乏明确制度性战略的痛苦,针对生态可持续性、公平贸易和质量改善三方面制订丝绸战略迫在眉睫。随着经济走势继续加快,一些精准的政策也需出台,以保护丝绸本身和丝绸经营者。     

Effects of gastrointestinal digestion models in vitro on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of juçara (Euterpe edulis)

This study evaluated the effects of different gastrointestinal digestion models in vitro on the bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity in juçara frozen pulp. In the sequence, method 3 was applied to juçara fruit in three different stages of maturation (vitrin – reddish fruits, mature – purple fruits, tuíra – deep purple fruits). In the method applied, the final pH adopted was 5.0, in order to avoid interference in the assay used to determine the antioxidant activity, and BHT was used to prevent excessive oxidation in the system. In this method, higher values for antioxidant activity were obtained (3574.95–3719.10 μmol L^?1 Trolox 100 g^?1 pulp) compared with the other two methods tested (1969.14–3034.74 μmol L^?1 Trolox 100 g^?1 pulp). In relation to juçara fruit, the mature stage was found to be ideal for processing, showing generally higher values of the bioaccessibility for phenolics and antioxidant activity compared to other maturation stages.     

Protecting schrödinger cat states using feedback

Abstract

A feedback model based on direct photodetection and micromaser-like atomic injection is proposed for the preservation of quantum coherence in a cavity. We show that in this way it is possible to slow down significantly the decoherence of Schrödinger cat states.     

Performance evaluation of wavelet-based distributed video coding schemes

In this paper we propose and compare different distributed video coding (DVC) schemes based on the use of the wavelet transform, which naturally allows for spatial and other forms of scalability. In particular, we propose a hybrid encoder which utilizes channel codes, and evaluate its performance in the absence of a feedback channel. The proposed scheme uses statistical models for the estimation of the required bitrate at the encoder. We also propose a scheme that is based on a modulo reduction procedure and does not use channel codes at the receiver/transmitter. These schemes are compared with more conventional coders that do not or only partially exploit the distributed coding paradigm. Experimental results show that the considered schemes have good performance when compared with similar asymmetric video compression schemes, and that DVC can be an interesting option in appropriate scenarios.     

Macrocyclization of Organo‐Peptide Hybrids through a Dual Bio‐orthogonal Ligation: Insights from Structure–Reactivity Studies

Macrocycles constitute an attractive structural class of molecules for targeting biomolecular interfaces with high affinity and specificity. Here, we report systematic studies aimed at exploring the scope and mechanism of a novel chemo‐biosynthetic strategy for generating macrocyclic organo‐peptide hybrids (MOrPHs) through a dual oxime‐/intein‐mediated ligation reaction between a recombinant precursor protein and bifunctional, oxyamino/1,3‐amino‐thiol compounds. An efficient synthetic route was developed to access structurally different synthetic precursors incorporating a 2‐amino‐ mercaptomethyl‐aryl (AMA) moiety previously found to be important for macrocyclization. With these compounds, the impact of the synthetic precursor scaffold and of designed mutations within the genetically encoded precursor peptide sequence on macrocyclization efficiency was investigated. Importantly, the desired MOrPHs were obtained as the only product from all the different synthetic precursors probed in this study and across peptide sequences comprising four to 15 amino acids. Systematic mutagenesis of the “i?1” site at the junction between the target peptide sequence and the intein moiety revealed that the majority of the 20 amino acids are compatible with MOrPH formation; this enables the identification of the most and the least favorable residues for this critical position. Furthermore, interesting trends with respect to the positional effect of conformationally constrained (Pro) and flexible (Gly) residues on the reactivity of randomized hexamer peptide sequences were observed. Finally, mechanistic investigations enabled the relative contributions of the two distinct pathways (side‐chain→C‐end ligation versus C‐end→side‐chain ligation) to the macrocyclization process to be dissected. Altogether, these studies demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the methodology to enable the synthesis and diversification of a new class of organo‐peptide macrocycles and provide valuable structure–reactivity insights to inform the construction of macrocycle libraries through this chemo‐biosynthetic strategy.     

Specific Heat of Olive Oil to 356 MPa

We measured the velocity of sound in olive oil under pressure with the Brillouin light scattering technique. Using the values for the density and the thermal conductivity that have only recently been reported, we calculated the adiabatic compressibility and the isobaric specific heat up to 356 MPa and the thermal diffusivity up to 200 MPa. The specific heat displays a maximum at 124 MPa, suggesting a possible phase transition around this pressure. Apart from the theoretical and practical importance of these results for the food industry and beyond, this work shows that Brillouin light scattering and macroscopic methods are complementary and can be employed to measure thermophysical parameters of food liquids under pressure.     

Heat Transfer Model Performance in Simulation of Process Deviations

Performance of thermal process simulation software was tested for predicting internal product temperature and lethality. Responses were tested for process deviations on canned products with a wide range of heating characteristics for computer-based on-line control of retorts. Static and agitated processes were tested with products exhibiting heating rate factors (fh) ranging from 2 to 70 min. Cans were fitted with thermocouples and subjected to deviations of various types. Center temperature profiles and lethalities predicted by the model in response to dynamic retort temperatures were compared with those measured by thermocouples. Profiles agreed, and process lethalities calculated from predicted and measured profiles agreed ±10% with the model slightly underpredicting measured lethality.