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潘梅 《自动化技术与应用》2021,40(8):163-166
机器视觉是用机器代替人眼进行测量和判断,其已广泛应用于农业生产中.本文综合阐述了机器视觉技术在我国田间农业机械上的主要应用,包括在果蔬自动采摘机械上的应用、在除草机械上的应用、在喷药机械上的应用和在农业机械视觉导航中的应用,为后续研究和应用提供参考.该技术的应用有力的促进着农业机械的智能化,具有重要的研究价值和广阔的应用空间. 相似文献
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Yuji Ma Mei Fang Ming Huang Na Zhang Bo Lu Peipei Yang Chuntai Liu Changyu Shen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(36):50924
Up to now, it is a major challenge to protect leading edge of the blades from solid particle erosion. Herein, we propose a structure optimization strategy to fabricate non-woven (NW) enhanced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite films (thermoplastic polyurethane [TPU] - NW@G/Cx) with “sandwich - like” structure by hot pressing technology. TPU NW/graphene nanoplates/carbon nanotube (NW@G/Cx) interlayer film were first fabricated by spraying method. Then the interlayer film was laminated between TPU films to fabricate nanocomposite films. Such prepared TPU - NW@G/Cx film shows excellent solid particle erosion resistance and high-tensile strength. For example, the “steel-and-mortar” structure of NW fabric in TPU film results in high-tensile strength of 45 MPa and storage modulus of 21.2 MPa for TPU - NW@G/C1.0, increasing by 25% and 171% compared with original TPU film (35 MPa, 8 MPa), respectively. In addition, compared with pure TPU film, the “sandwich - like” structure endows TPU - NW@G/C1.2 with excellent solid particle erosion resistance and the thermal conductivity (0.251 W/m·K). These superior properties extends application of the TPU - NW@G/Cx film on wind turbine blades. 相似文献
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针对经典的单阶段多目标检测算法SSD对小目标物检测效果差的问题,提出DF-SSD算法,其核心技术贡献包括基于反卷积与特征融合的方法和改进后的先验框尺寸计算算法。反卷积与特征融合能够增加浅层特征层的语义信息。改进后的先验框尺寸计算引入了数据集的特点,能有效利用每一个先验框进行训练和预测。改进后的方法DF-SSD与基于SSD改进的R-SSD和RSSD模型相比,具有较高的检测准确率。同时,DF-SSD的检测时间仅是R-SSD的1/2,是DSSD的1/5。改进后的方法在VOC2007和DIOR这2个数据集上的MAP比SSD分别提升了1.4和3.6个百分点。其中ship、vehicle、windmill、cat这4类小目标的MAP分别提升了23.2、12.6、8和4.8个百分点。结果表明:DF-SSD方法有效提高了小目标物的检测正确率,并且具有较快的检测速度。 相似文献
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ZnO稀磁半导体是目前最有希望集成到传统半导体中的一种新型材料,具有室温铁磁性能的ZnO稀磁半导体不仅可以大幅减小电子元器件的体积、提高集成密度,而且在传输效率上也有非常大的提升。目前,具有室温铁磁性能的ZnO稀磁半导体的制备方法可重复性差,且其磁性来源尚无统一理论解释。为了梳理不同实验方法制备出的ZnO稀磁半导体磁性能及其来源,本文对近10年来纯ZnO和Mn、Co单元素掺杂ZnO以及Mn、Co双元素共掺杂ZnO的制备方法、磁性能及磁性来源研究进行了综述,并认为:在制备过程中掺杂过渡金属离子对提升ZnO稀磁半导体室温铁磁性能有明显效果;在较低含量的Mn、Co掺杂ZnO体系中,可实现较稳定的室温铁磁性;要更好地理解磁性来源,必须从原子尺度通过理论计算与实验相结合的方式进行探索。 相似文献
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以氯化镍为镍源,次磷酸钠为磷源,合成活性组分NiP,再通过干混法制备出正己烷异构化新型催化剂NiP/Hβ;采用XRD、FT-IR、NH3-TPD以及H2-TPR等手段分析该催化剂的表面性质及NiP在载体上的分散程度。在温度为280 ℃、正己烷质量空速为1 h-1、氢压为2 MPa、氢/油摩尔比为3条件下,考察了4%NiP/Hβ催化正己烷异构化反应的活性及稳定性。结果表明,正己烷转化率超过80%,异构烷烃收率70%左右、选择性可维持在90%。另外,剖析了NiP/Hβ催化正己烷异构化机理。 相似文献
8.
Shuang Xia Yukun Chen Jinfeng Tian Jinfeng Shi Chengzhen Geng Huawei Zou Mei Liang Zhibo Li 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(26):2101143
Gecko-inspired microfibrillar adhesives have achieved great progress in microstructure design and adhesion improvement over the past two decades. Space applications nowadays show great interest in this material for the characteristics of reversible adhesion and universal van der Waals interactions. However, the impact of harsh environment of space on the performance of microfibrillar adhesives, especially the extreme low temperature, is rarely addressed. Herein, microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by phenyl containing polydimethylsiloxane (p-PDMS) elastomers with superior low-temperature reversible adhesion is proposed. p-PDMS elastomers are synthesized through one-pot anionic ring-opening copolymerization, and the resulting elastomers become non-crystallizable with excellent low-temperature elasticity. Low-temperature adhesion tests demonstrate that the adhesion strength of microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by p-PDMS elastomers can be well maintained to as low as −120 °C. In contrast, the adhesion strength of pure PDMS microfibrillar adhesive reduces more than 50% below its crystallization temperature. The low-temperature cyclic adhesion tests further demonstrate that p-PDMS microfibrillar adhesives exhibit superior reversible adhesion compared to that of PDMS microfibrillar adhesives, owing to the sustainable conformal contact and even distribution of loads over repeated cycles. This study provides a new fabrication strategy for microfibrillar adhesives, and is beneficial for the practical application of microfibrillar adhesives. 相似文献
9.
Yu Yang Zhiwei Zhou Bingchu Mei Yongqiang Zhang Xinwen Liu 《Ceramics International》2021,47(12):17139-17146
SrF2 transparent ceramic is a promising upconversion material due to the low phonon energy. The effect of different sintering temperatures on Er:SrF2 transparent ceramics was investigated. The suitable sintering temperature for Er:SrF2 transparent ceramics was 900 °C by hot-pressed sintering in this study. High quality of Er:SrF2 transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations were obtained. The upconversion luminescence spectra and decay behavior were compared between Er:SrF2 and Er:CaF2 transparent ceramics with different Er3+ doping concentration. The green emission of 5 at.% Er:SrF2 ceramic was much stronger than that of 5 at.% Er:CaF2 ceramic, while the red emission of Er:SrF2 ceramic was almost the same as that of Er:CaF2 ceramic. The upconversion luminescence lifetime of Er:SrF2 transparent ceramics was longer than that of Er:CaF2.All the results indicated Er:SrF2 transparent ceramics was a candidate for green fluorescent upconversion materials. 相似文献
10.
Wenyan Jiang Yihao Xing Linye Zhang Xiaoming Guo Yiwen Lu Mei Yang Jing Wang Guangtao Wei 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(7):49830
Polyethylenimine-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SBCMP), as a new adsorbent, was synthesized by the reaction of polyethylenimine (PEI) with sugarcane bagasse cellulose and glutaraldehyde. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was pH-dependent, and the higher removal efficiency of Cu(II) appeared in the range of pH 3.0–6.0. The adsorption isothermal data fitted well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of SBCMP was up to 107.5 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was unfavorable at high temperatures, and thermodynamic analyses implied that the adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was an exothermic reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Cu(II) adsorption on SBCMP mainly controlled by the nitrogen atoms of NH group in PEI. The results of regeneration cycles showed that SBCMP was suitable for reuse in the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. These experimental results suggested that SBCMP is expected to be a new biomass adsorbent with high efficiency in removing Cu(II) from wastewater. 相似文献