均相与非均相超声-芬顿催化降解水中罗丹明B

以染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,以泡沫铁为非均相催化剂,比较均相与非均相超声芬顿体系对RhB的去除效果,并考察了RhB初始含量、溶液初始pH、H_2O_2投加量等因素的影响。通过对不同体系反应速率、Fe~(2+)含量变化以及H_2O_2产量的比较分析,探索比较了降解机制。结果表明,均相超声芬顿体系对RhB的去除率高于非均相超声芬顿体系,当初始RhB的质量浓度为5 mg/L,初始pH为3,H_2O_2投加量为0.5 mmol/L时,RhB去除率分别达到99.86%、94.43%;前40 s符合一级反应动力学方程,基于泡沫铁的非均相芬顿体系可在超声辐射下产生更多Fe~(2+)和H_2O_2,从而有利于对目标污染物的持续降解。     

电气石对好氧反硝化菌株反硝化特性的影响

用化学全分析、扫描电镜、Bruauer-Emmett-Teller法和粒度分析仪对内蒙赤峰电气石进行测试表征,研究了电气石对好氧反硝化菌株反硝化特性的影响.结果表明:电气石能够促进好氧反硝化菌株的生长繁殖,纯培养16 h后,细菌数量增加384%.电气石还可以增强好氧反硝化菌株的反硝化能力,与未投加电气石的相比较,NO-3-N,NO-2-N,化学需氧量的浓度降低,总氮去除率提高32.8%.电气石对菌液体系的氧化还原电位具有调控作用,可以使体系的氧化还原电位降低20%,这一作用可能是电气石提高好氧反硝化菌株反硝化能力的重要因素.     

Denitrifying phosphorous removal in anaerobic/anoxic SBR system with different startup operation mode

To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.     

新型喜树碱缓释微胶囊的制备

为了降低喜树碱药物的毒性,提高人体服药后的顺应性.以生物相容性良好的壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊壁材料,喜树碱药物微粒为囊芯,采用静电吸引层层纳米自组装技术(LbL法)制备了喜树碱微胶囊.实验结果表明:LbL法制备的微胶囊用激光共聚焦显微镜观察具有明显的核-壳结构;提高了喜树碱在水中的分散性;释放速度可控,不同包裹层数的微胶囊在模拟人体体液环境下(pH7.4)释放速度不同,随着高分子层数增加,药物释放速度降低.这种具有缓控释效果的微胶囊能大大降低病人服药后的不良反应,具有很好的应用前景.     

厌氧活性污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化

针对特种污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化一直是微生物分子生态学研究的重点.在反硝化抑制硫酸盐还原菌的研究中,研究厌氧硫酸盐还原污泥和反硝化污泥DNA的提取方法,应用通用引物958F/1401R扩增16S rDNA序列,探讨不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱多样性影响,同时采用时间进程法对DGGE图谱进行优化.结果表明,采用PBS洗涤污泥和超声震荡有利于硫酸盐还原污泥DNA提取;采用958F/1401R为引物时,扩增片段大约500 bp,不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱的多样性影响不显著;采用时间进程法可以很好地再现不同电泳阶段对样品的分离效果,最佳变性剂梯度为40%～60%,在130 V电压下,最佳电泳时间为5 h.     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

丛枝菌根(AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量研究

为了考察丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量效果,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)为实验材料在不同丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)含量的基质中进行水稻盆栽试验.对比分析了水稻根部AMF的侵染状况,及其对水稻生长的促进作用,并在此基础上探讨了AMF强化在农业面源污染化肥减量中的作用.结果表明:自然基质中土著G.mosseae普遍存在,并可与水稻根系形成菌根结构,但其对水稻的影响与AMF空白基质相比差异并不显著.AMF强化能显著提高其对水稻根部的侵染率.与自然基质相比,AMF强化使水稻的株高、总生物量、根系总表面积及产量分别提高了20.6%、30%、36.6%、45.3%.经计算,每生产100kg水稻,AMF强化相对于自然条件下氮肥、磷肥、钾肥施用量分别减少3.14kg、1.88kg、2.42kg,削减程度高达47%.AMF强化能够有效促进水稻生长并提高其产量,而且在农业面源污染化肥减量方面具有重要作用.     

面源污染中磷流失多重影响因素主成分分析

为全面了解对美国中部Illinois州具有浅层排水系统的轮作农业地区的面源污染问题,利用主成分分析方法及多元线性回归,对Little Vermillion River流域磷流失影响因素主成分进行分析.结果表明,磷流失的影响因素基本分为3大主成分:一是生物主成分,包括温度、植被类型、覆盖因子、生物量、散蒸量;二是水力主成分,降雨及流量;三是人为干扰主成分,施肥量及耕作内容.其中水力主成分对流失的影响最大,尤其是对浅层排水中磷流失的影响.     

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌对市政污泥脱水性能的改善

为改善市政污泥脱水性能,利用嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans XJF8(简称At·f XJF8)对Fe2+矿化过程中的酸化作用,对污泥进行连续流深度脱水实验.生物酸化反应器为推流式,有效容积为68 L.通过p H、比阻、抽滤脱水前后泥饼含水率、有机质等指标研究了污泥脱水性能的变化.结果表明,营养剂投加量为2.11 g·L-1(以Fe(Ⅱ)计算)、污泥停留时间(SRT)为3.7 d、污泥回流比80%时,污泥p H由最初的7.22降至最终2.95左右,污泥比阻由原始污泥的(4.2±0.59)×1012m·kg-1(难脱水污泥)下降到(0.55±0.11)×1012m·kg-1(易脱水污泥),整个过程中Fe(Ⅱ)的氧化率在96%以上.对生物酸化铁氧化前后的污泥在0.05 MPa条件下进行抽滤脱水,泥饼含水率由80%下降到68%,且污泥有机质质量分数变化较小.At·f XJF8在污泥生物酸化铁氧化过程中具有良好的活性,在一定条件下可对市政污泥进行生物酸化铁氧化提高其脱水性能.