Relationships of tensile strength with crosslink density for the high-carbon black-filled EPDM compounds with various softeners

Equilibrium swelling and rheological tests were adopted to systematically investigate the effects of softener type and dosage on the crosslink densities. The results turned out that the chemical crosslink density could be distinguished from the physical crosslink density by comparing the results of equilibrium swelling and rheological tests. The liquid butadiene (LB) as a softener leads to the greatest reduction in crosslink density, followed by polyethylene wax (PW) and paraffinic oil (PO). The tensile strength decreases with increasing PO content while shows peak values with increase of LB and PW contents. The dependencies of chemical crosslink density on the aging time under 150°C are quite different for the three softeners, which can be expected from the double crosslinking networks consisting of small softener and large main crosslinking networks. Further investigation has been performed to correlate the tensile strength with chemical crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer vulcanizates. Three different linear relationships can be obtained for the softeners independent of the aging time. It can now be expected from this study that the role of some new softeners in rubber compounds is not only confined to plasticization but also forms crosslinking networks in the peroxide-cured rubbers.     

Water‐absorptive blend fibers of copoly(acrylic acid–acrylamide) and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Through the addition of N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide as a potential crosslinker, water‐absorptive blend fibers of copoly(acrylic acid–acrylamide) and poly(vinyl alcohol) with three‐dimensional network structures were prepared with heat‐crosslinking technology after fiber formation. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetry were used to analyze the structures and properties of the fibers. The tensile behavior and absorbent capacities of the fibers were also studied. The results showed that there were lots of chemical crosslinking points in the fibers, the compatibility of copoly(acrylic acid–acrylamide) and poly(vinyl alcohol) was perfect, and the tensile properties of the fibers could be improved effectively through stretching in a vapor bath. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3353–3357, 2006     

加成型液体乙烯基硅橡胶的研制Ⅱ.白炭黑表面处理对硅橡胶性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氮烷为主要表面处理剂，考察了表面处理剂、处理助剂、水的用量等对白炭黑增强效果的影响。结果表明，处理100份白炭黑时，用25份六甲基二硅氮烷，5份二甲基二乙氧基硅烷，5份水，所得白炭黑对加成型液体硅橡胶增强效果较好。     

应用于离子注入的RFQ加速器

射频四极场(Radio frequency quodrupole,RFQ)加速器是一种非常适于用作MeV级能量离子注入的加速器.它具有束流强、体积小、使用方便、离子源处在地电位,还可同时加速正、负两种离子等优点.本文介绍了RFQ加速器在国际上的发展状况及其基本原理、北京大学研制的1 MeV RFQ加速器的具体结构、性能以及一种新型RFQ-SFRFQ组合加速器的特点.     

Cohesively Enhanced Conductivity and Adhesion of Flexible Silver Nanowire Networks by Biocompatible Polymer Sol–Gel Transition

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are a promising candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductors. In this paper, a novel transparent composite conductor composed of AgNW/biocompatible alginate gel on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with synchronously enhanced adhesion and reduced resistivity, is prepared without high‐temperature annealing. The sheet resistance of the flexible AgNW/PET film reduces from 300 to 50.3 Ohm sq^?1 at transmittance of 94%. The optical and electrical performance is superior to that obtained from the flexible ITO film on PET. Meanwhile, the sheet resistance does not show great change after tape test, suggesting a good adhesion of AgNW to the polymer substrate. Moreover, the AgNW composite film shows a good stability to resist long‐term storage, solvent damage, and ultrasonication. Finally, polymer solar cells employing the composite AgNW film as the electrode are realized, displaying an efficiency of 2.44%.     

Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Microfiltered Pasteurized Milk Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC×GC-TOFMS

Volatiles of milk were characterized by solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry not only separated the 52 compounds that co-elute in conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but also identified 107 compounds that were first reported in milk. These volatiles included aliphatic hydrocarbons (69), aromatic hydrocarbons (42), ketones (28), esters (16), aldehydes (14), alcohols (14), acids (14), nitrogenous compounds (9), ethers (8), and sulfo compounds (3). Five dominant volatiles were hexanoic acid (193.57 ng/mL milk), methoxy-phenyl-oxime (114.83 ng/mL milk), octanoic acid (109.38 ng/mL milk), 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexene (101.48 ng/mL milk), and 2-Pentanone (99.74 ng/mL milk). This proposes an improvement methodology for determining the volatiles of dairy products.     

Electrochromic Properties of Sputtered Ti-Doped WO3 Films

Ti-doped WO3 films were prepared by the mid-frequency dual-target magnetron sputtering method. The structure and electrochromic properties of the Ti-doped WO3 films were analysed by X-Ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer, cyclic chronoam- perometry and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The results indicate that the erystallinity decrease after the doping of titanium, the channels for ion injection and extraction increase, the responding speed with 5.1% titanium doped becomes faster, and its circle life increases more than four times compared with the undoped WO3 film. In the coloured state, the W-O-W bonds decrease, but the W = O bonds increase. Since the W-O-W bonds break down for Li＋ ions＇ injection and more W = O bonds form, it is more convenient to inject Li＋ ions into the Ti-doped film than undoped film because more W-O-W bonds break down in the coloured state.     

基于响应面法的碳酸钠活化铜尾矿胶凝性能机制研究

为了有效激发铜尾矿活性制备性能良好的胶凝材料,以铜尾矿为主要原材料,水玻璃和NaOH为碱激发剂,采用响应面优化法开展胶凝材料配比优化实验,并通过方差分析以及三维曲图研究自变量及其交互作用对28d抗压强度的影响；利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DTG等对试样的矿相成分、微观形貌等特征进行分析。结果表明：通过优化实验获得最优配比为碳酸钠掺量50%、氢氧化钠掺量1%、水玻璃掺量22g/100g,此参数下铜尾矿胶凝材料28d抗压强度为30.41MPa。经过机械球磨40min后,碳酸钠在适当的碱性环境下使铜尾矿的活性激发到较佳状态,铜尾矿经水化反应生成了大量结晶度较高的C-S-H凝胶与棱柱状钙钒石等水化产物,彼此相互连接构成网状结构,使胶凝材料保持较高的强度性能。     

核桃球蛋白的分离纯化、鉴定及抗氧化性分析

为揭示核桃球蛋白主要组成及体外抗氧化活性,以脱脂核桃粕为原料,对其中的球蛋白进行分离纯化并通过2,2'-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（2,2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）,ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力对其抗氧化能力进行评价,即经进一步脱脂后,根据Osborne分级法提取得到核桃球蛋白粗提物,再通过HiTrapTM CaptoTM Q阴离子交换柱和SephacrylTM S 100HR凝胶过滤柱两步分离纯化,得到主要蛋白组分。结果表明,制备的球蛋白蛋白含量为51.53%,占核桃总蛋白的15.3%,等电点为3.8。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示,纯化得到主要蛋白组分分子量为10.1 kDa。经高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析表明,该主要蛋白组分在活性状态下由一种7S球蛋白vicilin Car i 2.0101和2S清蛋白组成。研究发现,球蛋白粗提物和纯化蛋白组分均对ABTS+自由基有较好的清除能力,其IC₅₀值分别为0.302和0.075 mg/mL,表明纯化蛋白组分的清除能力提高了4倍以上。研究结果可为核桃球蛋白开发利用提供理论基础。     

AP1000核电站用大直径薄壁SA106B无缝钢管的研制

介绍了AP1000核电站核岛蒸汽发生器系统用大直径薄壁SA106B无缝钢管的性能特点、生产工艺及关键技术。经检验,SA106B钢管的冶金质量、化学成分、力学性能、无损检测等各项指标均满足ASME相关规范的要求,能够满足AP1000核电站核岛蒸汽发生器系统对碳钢无缝钢管的需求。