ABSTRACT Fossil fuel resource is on the draining stage which leads to an increment in the cost of the petroleum products. Nowadays, research is focused on the development of environmental friendly lubricants which are derivatives of renewable sources. Inedible plant oil-driven bio-lubricants are environmentally friendly because they are non-hazardous, biodegradable, as well as there is no emission of toxic gases. This study involves the characterisations, advantages, as well as utilisation of inedible plant oil-driven bio-lubricants as an alternative for tribological applications. This report presents the status about the global lubricant market as well as potential outlook. Inedible plant oil-driven bio-lubricants bear high viscosity, high lubricity, and high viscosity index which can enhance the equipment service life and has the ability to carry high load and results in minimum amount of metal traces during combustion. 相似文献
Objective: Innovation in material science has made it possible to fabricate a pharmaceutical material of modifiable characteristics and utility, in delivering therapeutics at a sustained/controlled rate. The objective of this study is to design and optimize the controlled release transdermal films of S-Amlodipine besylate by intercalating hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers.
Methods: 3(2) factorial design and response surface methodology was utilized to prepare formulations by intercalating the varied concentration of polymers(A) and penetration enhancer(B) in solvent. The effect of these independent factors on drug release and flux was investigated to substantiate the ex-vivo, stability and histological findings of the study.
Results: FTIR, DSC revealed the compatibility of drug with polymers; however, the semicrystallinity in drug was observed under PXRD. SEM micrographs showed homogeneous dispersion and entanglement of drug throughout the matrix. Results from the permeation study suggested the significant effect of factors on the ex vivo permeation of drug. It was observed that drug release was found to be increased with an increase in hydrophilic polymer concentration and PE. The formulations having polymers (EC:PVPK-30) at 7:3 showed maximum drug release with highest flux (102.60?±?1.12?µg/cm2/h) and permeability coefficient (32.78?±?1.38?cm/h). Significant effect of PE on lipid and protein framework of the skin was also observed which is responsible for increased permeation. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and showed no-sign of localized reactions, indicating safety and compatibility with the skin.
Conclusion: Thus, results indicated that the prepared intercalated transdermal matrix can be a promising nonoral carrier to deliver effective amounts of drug. 相似文献
Abstract We have shown that the performances available from a two-source relief sensing interferometer are improved substantially by combining an innovative way of managing the phase resources inherent in the interferometer. The approach gives rise to the emergence of a flexible and versatile holographic contouring method capable of addressing surfaces of broadly varying depths. Experimental results are presented to support the proposal. 相似文献
This review discusses the processing techniques proposed for the production of dried and intermediate moisture honey products, as well as their properties. Stickiness is the major problem in the drying of sugar rich products like honey, that depend on the type of sugar and temperature of operation, which are related to the glass transition temperature. Some additives are usually added to the sugary feed to increase the glass transition temperature and concurrently the sticky point temperature. In the case of honey-fruit spreads, nutritional and sensory characteristics can be enhanced by replacing part of sugar with honey. Co-crystallization of honey with sucrose could be used to preserve the honey flavor. These diversified honey products provide better taste and nutrition to the consumer besides enhancing the utilization of honey. 相似文献
The problem of blood flow through a narrow catheterized artery with an axially nonsymmetrical stenosis has been investigated. Blood is represented by a two-phase macroscopic model, i.e., a suspension of erythrocytes (red cells) in plasma (Newtonian fluid). The coupled differential equations for both fluid (plasma) and particle (erythrocyte) phases have been solved and the expression for the flow characteristics, namely, the flow rate, the impedance (resistance to flow), the wall shear stress and the shear stress at the stenosis throat have been derived. It is found that the impedance increases with the catheter size, the hematocrit and the stenosis size (height and length) but decreases with the shape parameter. A significant increase in the magnitude of the impedance and the wall shear stress occurs even for a small increase in the catheter size. The flow resistance increases and the shear stress at the stenosis throat decreases with the increasing catheter size and assume an asymptotic value at about the catheter size half of the artery size. 相似文献