In this study, blends of the bio-based poly(limonene carbonate) (PLimC) with different commodity polymers are investigated in order to explore the potential of PLimC toward generating more sustainable polymer materials by reducing the amount of petro- or food-based polymers. PLimC is employed as minority component in the blends. Next to the morphology and thermal properties of the blends the impact of PLimC on the mechanical properties of the matrix polymers is studied. The interplay of incompatibility and zero-shear melt viscosity contrast determines the blend morphology, leading for all blends to a dispersed droplet morphology for PLimC. Blends with polymers of similar structure to PLimC (i.e., aliphatic/aromatic polyester) show the best performance with respect to mechanical properties, whereas blends with polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) are too brittle and polyamide 12 blends show very low elongations at break. In blends with Ecoflex (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) and Arnitel EM400 (copoly(ether ester)) with poly(butylene terephthalate) hard and polytetrahydrofuran soft segments) a threefold increase in E-modulus can be achieved, while keeping the elongation at break at reasonable high values of ≈200%, making these blends highly interesting for applications. 相似文献
The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production. 相似文献
Wastewater treatment consists of three or four sequential stages: preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each stage can comprise multiple alternative technologies that can perform the same tasks with different efficiencies, operating times, and costs. Thus, we propose a systematic approach for designing wastewater treatment networks by utilizing principles of mathematical modeling and generating an exhaustive enumeration of all the possible technologies and their connections during the early stages of designing a treatment facility. Some of these structures are nonintuitive and include recycling, reprocessing, bypasses, and multiple technologies in parallel or series to remove the same contaminant. The nonintuitive structures with multiple technologies may provide a measure of resilience compared to typical heuristic designs. Thus, the combination of P-graph methodology and the sequence of treatment technologies predicted via the optimization algorithm from the maximal structure is based on holistic considerations and does not lead to suboptimal solutions. 相似文献
The geometrical design freedoms associated with additive manufacturing techniques are currently well exploited and finding commercial application. The capability of layer-based processes to allow modification of composition and microstructure in process to achieve functional grading is currently a growing topic. In this work, a method is demonstrated for varying layer thickness within single components that allows part sections to be interlaced for the purpose of locally manipulating material and structural properties. Demonstrator geometries are explored here which exhibit the interfaces within specimens constituted of both 30 µm and 150 µm. Accordingly, a new design freedom for laser powder bed fusion is created. 相似文献
Particles generated by wood machining have a proven impact on the health of users and woodworkers. The aim of this study was to quantify and describe wood particles in solid and gas phases to reliably and reproducibly characterise these emissions. First, we developed an experimental device that produced particles from solid wood and wood-based panels using portable machine tools. The objective was to study the particles emitted by wood machining while avoiding ambient pollution. Based on own technical specifications, the experimental system was defined and composed of various elements that integrated treatment of inlet air through wood machining to the analysis section that allows solid and gas phases. The first experiments were carried out in sanding and sawing modes on materials used in construction, including solid wood (spruce) and composite panels (particle board (PB), oriented strand board (OSB), and medium density fibreboard (MDF)). Wood-based panels showed more emissive behaviour than solid wood, both for the solid phase and the gas phase. These tests validate the feasibility of generating and measuring particles and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Further modifications to the experimental device would enable us to integrate additional devices, such as toxicological ones, to better understand the impact of these wood particles on the health of woodworkers.
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition typically treated via laparoscopic surgery. Its visual versatility makes it hard to identify for non-specialized... 相似文献
This paper is devoted to microscopic methods for the identification of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this context, it describes various habitats, morphology and techniques used for the detection and identification of this very heterogeneous group of anaerobic microorganisms. SRB are present in almost every habitat on Earth, including freshwater and marine water, soils, sediments or animals. In the oil, water and gas industries, they can cause considerable economic losses due to their hydrogen sulfide production; in periodontal lesions and the colon of humans, they can cause health complications. Although the role of these bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases is not entirely known yet, their presence is increased in patients and produced hydrogen sulfide has a cytotoxic effect. For these reasons, methods for the detection of these microorganisms were described. Apart from selected molecular techniques, including metagenomics, fluorescence microscopy was one of the applied methods. Especially fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various modifications was described. This method enables visual identification of SRB, determining their abundance and spatial distribution in environmental biofilms and gut samples. 相似文献
In this contribution brownmillerite-based nanocomposite cathode for Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is developed. These cells can be very attractive especially for small and cheap devices because of the absence of seals. The efficiency of SC-SOFCs is strictly connected to the selectivity of anode and cathode, the bottleneck for this technology. The development of a cathode inert in fuel oxidation is particularly challenging. Our strategy is to start from a catalytically un-active support (CFA = Ca2FeAl0.95Mg0.05O5) and induce the formation of iron oxide based nanoparticles, expected to activate oxygen. Symmetric (CFA + FeOx/CGO/CFA + FeOx) and complete cells (CFA + FeOx/CGO/Ni-CGO) are studied in air and methane/oxygen 2:1 mixture. The Area Specific Resistance of CFA + FeOx is less than 1/3 that of CFA. The high selectivity allows to reach an efficiency of 25%; power still needs to be increased but we demonstrated the possibility to develop selective low cost electrodes. The effect of air, methane/oxygen exposure and the heat treatments were carefully investigated. 相似文献