建筑物掏土纠倾法单孔与多孔塑性区特性研究及工程应用

在建筑物水平掏土纠倾工程中，掏土孔间距是影响纠倾工程安全与工期的重要因素。为了快速准确地确定纠倾工程中的水平掏土孔间距，研究了单个掏土孔和多个掏土孔情况下孔周边土体塑性区发展特性。利用土体塑性力学分析计算得到了单孔下的孔周土塑性区半径，而后通过有限元模拟得到孔周土体塑性区半径的数值解，将孔周塑性区半径解析解与数值解进行了对比。并通过有限元数值模型研究了多个掏土孔相互影响情况下的塑性区发展规律，以孔间土体塑性区贯通时的距离作为掏土孔间距。考虑土体参数随机特性的影响，研究不同上部荷载作用下掏土孔间距的取值变化规律，上部面荷载与地基承载力特征值比值用p表示，孔间距与掏土孔直径比值用n表示。研究发现：多孔塑性区半径（孔间塑性区贯通时）是单孔塑性区半径的1.3倍左右;标准化荷载p与孔间距比值n二者呈线性关系;通过不同土体参数及上部荷载的不同情况下的p-n曲线，给出了掏土孔间距建议值。同时，将研究结果与三个实际工程进行对比，发现p-n曲线法与实际结果更为接近。     

Chromium-promoted preparation of forsterite refractory materials from ferronickel slag by microwave sintering

The chromium-promoted preparation of forsterite refractory materials from ferronickel slag was investigated by microwave sintering of the slag with the additions of sintered magnesia and 0–10 wt% chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃). The thermodynamic calculations revealed that the addition of Cr₂O₃ can promote the formations of spinel and liquid phase and maintain high content of forsterite below 1500 °C. The experimental results showed that there existed a stronger promoting effect of Cr₂O₃ additive on the properties of refractory materials in the microwave field than that in conventional sintering. It was attributed to the preferential formation and growth of spinel with stronger microwave absorption than other phases (e.g., enstatite), the existence of more forsterite, and the enhanced densification in association with the presence of more liquid phase at the same temperature. By microwave sintering of the mixture of ferronickel slag, 25 wt% sintered magnesia, and 4 wt% Cr₂O₃ at 1350 °C for 20 min, a superior refractory material with refractoriness of 1801 °C, thermal shock resistance of 6 times, bulk density of 2.97 g/cm³, apparent porosity of 1.4%, and compressive strength of 197 MPa was obtained. Compared with that prepared by conventional sintering at 1350 °C for 2 h, the refractoriness and thermal shock resistance were increased by 175 °C and 100%, respectively. The present study provided a novel method for preparing high-quality refractory materials from ferronickel slag and relevant industrial wastes.     

On the Catalytic Activity of Sn Monomers and Dimers at Graphene Edges and the Synchronized Edge Dependence of Diffusing Atoms in Sn Dimers

In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy is performed to study the interaction between single (monomer) and paired (dimer) Sn atoms at graphene edges. The results reveal that a single Sn atom can catalyze both the growth and etching of graphene by the addition and removal of C atoms respectively. Additionally, the frequencies of the energetically favorable configurations of an Sn atom at a graphene edge, calculated using density functional theory calculations, are compared with experimental observations and are found to be in good agreement. The remarkable dynamic processes of binary atoms (dimers) are also investigated and is the first such study to the best of the knowledge. Dimer diffusion along the graphene edges depends on the graphene edge termination. Atom pairs (dimers) involving an armchair configuration tend to diffuse with a synchronized shuffling (step-wise shift) action, while dimer diffusion at zigzag edge terminations show a strong propensity to collapse the dimer with each atom diffusing in opposite directions (monomer formation). Moreover, the data reveals the role of C feedstock availability on the choice a single Sn atom makes in terms of graphene growth or etching. This study advances the understanding single atom catalytic activity at graphene edges.     

温度对黑豆皮活性成分、抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性的影响

在不同温度下用蒸馏水浸提黑豆皮,测定了黑豆皮提取物中总黄酮、总酚、花青素、碳水化合物、蛋白质、糖醛酸等6种活性成分的含量,并体外评估了其抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性.结果表明,90℃浸提时,黑豆皮提取物中的总黄酮、总酚、蛋白质、糖醛酸含量最高,分别为(11.555±0.160)％、(1.454±0.070)％、(13.096±0.600)％、(21.587±1.570)％;花青素含量在80℃浸提时达到最高,为(0.199±0.003)％;而碳水化合物的含量则在100℃浸提时达到最高,为(65.566±1.448)％.随着黑豆皮提取物浓度的增加,其总还原能力和对DPPH自由基的清除能力逐渐增强且呈线性关系;黑豆皮提取物具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,能够有效抑制人胃腺癌细胞株(BGC-823)、宫颈癌细胞株(HeLa)和人大细胞肺癌细胞株(NCI-H460)的增殖且呈浓度依赖关系.表明黑豆皮提取物具有成为功能性保健品的潜能,为其产业化开发奠定了重要基础.     

Robust Output Feedback Stabilization for Uncertain Discrete-Time Stochastic Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delay

Neural Processing Letters - This paper investigates the problem of robust exponential stabilization of uncertain discrete-time stochastic neural networks with time-varying delay based on output...     

槽式太阳能集热管内相变微胶囊悬浮液的热力性能分析

针对传统使用水基和油基的太阳能集热器换热效果低和管壁热应力大的问题，以相变微胶囊悬浮液为工作流体，对抛物型槽式太阳能集热器进行了三维建模。采用蒙特卡罗射线追踪法结合有限容积法和有限元法的方法求解了太阳能集热管的光?热?力耦合问题，采用欧拉?欧拉多相流模型研究了相变微胶囊悬浮液在集热管内的流动换热特性。结果表明，相变微胶囊悬浮液强化了集热管内的对流换热，不仅降低了集热管的沿程壁温，且减少了集热管的周向温差，均化了集热管温度分布。集热管周向等效热应力呈花瓣型分布，对应的5个高温度梯度的位置附近(圆周角θ=5°, 90°, 175°, 225°和315°)出现等效应力局部峰值。吸热管内壁面θ=90°处轴向热应力为压应力，作用于整个管程，而径向热应力和切向热应力为拉应力，主要作用在进出口端。相变微胶囊悬浮液浓度越高，强化换热效果越好，集热管热应力越小，但产生的压降也随之增大。     

两相流测量技术研究

两相流测量技术对理解与预测流体动力学、过程操作与控制、分析与优化流体控制装置等都有重大意义.本文根据在测量过程中是否对流体产生干扰将其分为干扰式和非干扰式测量技术,并从两个方面综述了现有的技术手段和工作原理,总结了各类测量技术的可测量参数类型、应用限制、时间和空间分辨率等.此外,本文还分析了两相流测量的难点与未来发展方向,旨在为复杂工业过程中的过程参数检测提供一定的参考和指引.     

微观表面形貌对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响

为探索微观表面形貌对液膜密封空化的影响,基于满足质量守恒的JFO空化模型及坐标变换,建立考虑微观表面形貌的双坝区螺旋槽液膜密封数学模型;采用有限体积法离散求解控制方程,综合分析表面粗糙度、周向波度和径向锥度对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响规律。结果表明:相比而言,密封面计入微观表面形貌后,摩擦副液膜中空穴区发生位置分散且形状不规则;以空化面积比为判据,较大表面粗糙度对液膜空化促生虽起到积极作用,但数据较小,可忽略不计;锥度对液膜中空穴促生和抑制影响有限,波幅的增加显著促进液膜中空穴的发生;高频波数时,正锥度有利于降低液膜空化面积比,抑制空穴。     

Molecular biomarkers: multiple roles in radiotherapy

Preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is becoming the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, individual differences in response to treatment range from a complete response to complete resistance. Predicting the tumor response to radiotherapy may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. This review mainly summarizes recent studies about the molecular biomarkers that can predict the response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer. These studies have indicated that the molecular markers involved in the response to radiotherapy mainly include genes related to radiosensitivity, cancer stem cell-related markers, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene methylation, and other factors including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, anemia, lymphocytes, and signaling pathways. Many of these identified markers are mainly associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle, but some involve unknown cell mechanisms. We speculate that predictors of radiotherapy response may involve combinations of multiple molecular biomarkers that may be useful for the development of individualized therapy for rectal cancer patients.