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1.
A dual-phase high-entropy boride (HEB)/carbide (HEC) ceramic with a fine grain size was synthesized by a sequential boro/carbothermal process. In the first step, an Hf–Nb–Ta–Ti–Zr-containing carbide was synthesized by a carbothermal reduction of oxides followed by the reaction of the carbide with B4C and ZrH2 to convert part of the carbide to boride. The resulting composition was ∼29 vol% HEB with an average grain size of ∼1.1 μm. Solid solution formation occurred at the densification temperature of 1900°C resulting in a relative density higher than 99%. The Vickers hardness was 26.5 ± 1.4 GPa. This is the first report of synthesizing dual-phase boride–carbide high-entropy ceramics from carbothermally synthesized, HEC powders.  相似文献   
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The response of polycrystalline TiB2 to neutron irradiation was investigated. The material was fabricated using isotopically enriched 11B powders to minimize helium production via the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction. Neutron irradiation was conducted at temperatures of ~200°C and ~600°C to a fast fluence of 2.4 × 1025 n/m2 (>0.1 MeV). The material exhibited some swelling, but less swelling at the higher irradiation temperature. No macroscopic damage was observed in the irradiated material, although moderate irradiation-induced micro-cracking was found in the irradiated TiB2. This study demonstrated improved radiation resistance of isotopically tailored TiB2 compared with natural boron TiB2, which exhibited macroscopic fracture by irradiation.  相似文献   
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The chromium (Cr) evaporation behavior of several different types of iron (Fe)-based AFA alloys and benchmark Cr2O3-forming Fe-based 310 and Ni-based 625 alloys was investigated for 500 h exposures at 800 °C to 900 °C in air with 10% H2O. The Cr evaporation rates from alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) alloys were ~5 to 35 times lower than that of the Cr2O3-forming alloys depending on alloy and temperature. The Cr evaporation behavior was correlated with extensive characterization of the chemistry and microstructure of the oxide scales, which also revealed a degree of quartz tube Si contamination during the test. Long-term oxidation kinetics were also assessed at 800 to 1000 °C for up to 10,000 h in air with 10% H2O to provide further guidance for SOFC BOP component alloy selection.  相似文献   
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Synthesis of a polyfluorene/poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative, the Poly [(9,9′‐di‐hexylfluorenediylvinylene‐alt‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)‐co‐((9,9′‐(3‐t‐butylpropanoate) fluorene‐1,4‐phenylene)] (LaPPS 42) was performed following Wittig and Suzuki routes. Polyfluorenes and derivatives have been used in electroluminescent devices, and the synthesis described here has the advantage in pave the way to get distinct structures having different emission spectra. An extensive study of its electrochemical, thermomechanical, optical, and structural properties was carried out, as well as its application in electroluminescent devices. Polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) were built using LaPPS 42 as active layer, and their electric and optical characterizations confirm they have a potential as active element in electroluminescent devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42579.  相似文献   
5.
Injuries to the hollow organs of the lower digestive system carry substantial risk of complication due to infection and blood loss, and commonly require invasive abdominal surgery to diagnose and treat. The causes of, and risk factors for, lower abdomen injury in automobile collisions are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the risk factors and potential mechanisms of hollow-organ, lower abdomen injury in belted automobile occupants in frontal collisions.  相似文献   
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There is an increasing desire to use more engineered timber products in buildings, due to the perceived aesthetics of timber and desire for more sustainable architecture. However, there are concerns about fire performance of these products especially in taller buildings. This has led to renewed research to understand the behaviour of timber surfaces in compartments exposed to fire. This paper describes a two-zone calculation model for determining the fire environment within a compartment constructed from timber products where varying amounts of timber are exposed on the walls and ceiling. A set of eight full-scale compartment experiments previously reported in the literature are used to assess the capability of the model. The fire load energy density in the experiments ranged from 92 MJ/m2 to 366 MJ/m2 comprising either wood cribs or bedroom furniture with the largest compartment having dimensions 4.5?×?3.5?×?2.5 m high with an opening 1.069 m wide?×?2.0 m high. The experiments were ventilation-controlled. It is shown that the model can be used to provide conservative predictions of the fire temperatures for compartments with timber exposed on the walls and/or ceiling as part of an engineering analysis. There are several limitations that are discussed including the need to consider the debonding of layers in the case of cross-laminated timber. It is recommended that further benchmarking of the model be done for different ventilation conditions and with engineered timber products where debonding does not occur. This will test the model under a wider range of conditions than examined in this paper.  相似文献   
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A wide variety of environmental factors including physical and biochemical signals are responsible for stem cell behavior and function. In particular, matrix elasticity and cell shape have been shown to determine stem cell function, yet little is known about the interplay between how these physical cues control cell differentiation. For the first time, by using ultraviolet (UV) lithography to pattern poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogels, it is possible to manufacture microenvironments capable of parsing the effects of matrix elasticity, cell shape, and cell size in order to explore the relationship between matrix elasticity and cell shape in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage commitment. These data show that cells cultured on 1000 μm2 circles, squares, and rectangles are primarily adipogenic lineage regardless of matrix elasticity, while cells cultured on 2500 and 5000 μm2 shapes more heavily depend on shape and elasticity for lineage specification. It is further characterized how modifying the cell cytoskeleton through pharmacological inhibitors can modify cell behavior. By showing MSC lineage commitment relationships due to physical signals, this study highlights the importance of cell shape and matrix elasticity in further understanding stem cell behavior for future tissue engineering strategies.  相似文献   
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