基于同步辐射技术的高分子多尺度结构薄膜拉伸加工物理研究

基于自制溶液拉伸装置与同步辐射技术,对不同温度状态下聚乙烯醇薄膜水中拉伸诱导结构演变,及其纤维化过程进行了深入探究。通过拉力传感器所获拉伸过程的应力应变曲线以力学平台起点、终点、应变硬化点作为界限点进行区间划分。宽角X射线衍射结果表明,在①～③区间,出现了拉伸诱导聚乙烯醇晶体熔融过程。小角X射线散射结果表明,拉伸诱导片晶-纳米纤维结构转换过程出现在②区间初始,且此过程即熔融-重构过程。在③区间,在含量不断增多趋势下,纳米纤维结构开始发生周期性排列,邻纤维间距大约在14～18nm。而拉伸温度上升,可显著提高纳米纤维结构排列整体性与完善性,此纤维结构有助于优化偏光膜产品结构均衡化与光学性能。     

Reduced texaphyrin: A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin, texaphyrin. Upon metal complexation, a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to green. Although long employed for synthesis in organic media, we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous media. Exposure to In(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 min. This process is selective for Hg(II) under conditions of competitive analysis. Furthermore, among the subset of response-producing cations, In(III) proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features, including an overall increase in intensity. The cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents, where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be prepared. The formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.     

Behavior of ZrO2-C Refractories in Thin-strip Casting of Steel

Zirconia graphite refractory is used as a core-nozzle in the thin-strip casting of steel. Post-mortem analysis of used refractory was performed in an effort to establish the failure mechanism. Corrosion behavior was studied against molten steel with Mn O- SiO 2based liquid inclusions. Corrosion of these materials involves dissolution and oxidation of graphite in the matrix followed by penetration of liquid slag leading to degradation of ZrO 2particles. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to study this corrosion mechanism.     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

Charge： Glowing in the Dark

Many areas of structure analysis have focused on finding the locations of the atoms. If, instead of the atoms, we knew the positions of the electrons we would in fact know much more, and in most respects knowing where the nuclei are is not important. There is a long history of measurements using precise electron diffraction or X-ray diffraction of the average charge density in materials, but extending beyond to local charge density is, as yet, an unexplored area.     

可全部取回的小井眼伽马随钻测量(MWD)系统可将水平钻井的风险减至最小

一种特别适用于水平井实时大地转向的小井眼伽马定向测量MWD工具已研制成功。这是第一个能利用钢丝全部取回并进行更换的测量系统。它可以将卡钻和“井内花费”的风险减至最小。此外,它还可以将因发生故障而更换工具需要进行的起下钻次数减至最少,从而降低钻井成本。 该系统可以下入内径小到2.19英寸(56mm)和钻铤内,且已经下入过外径为3(1/2)英寸(89mm)的钻铤。它还下入过钻井作业用的盘管内。 本文将介绍井下系统及其校准方法,并与普通绳索测井进行比较。 文中还介绍了几个现场水平井应用的实例,着重说明如何利用伽马射线使水平泄油井“大地转向”而保持在油层内,以及如何在钻井期向跟踪地层倾角的方向。这样做可以减小水平钻井的风险,增大收回投资的可能性。     

气体运移速率的现场实例

由 5个油田的现场实例说明 ,最近的研究向传统的气体流入 (气体侵入井内 )概念提出了挑战。以往现场人员一直使用“经验法则” ,即气体以 10 0 0ft h的速率运移。但现场实例表明 ,气体可能移动 ,也可能不移动 ,其运移速率受多种因素影响 ,同时建议不能完全依赖井口压力增加来准确分析和预测气体运移特征