铀(Ⅵ)与某些β-二酮配合物的制备及红外光谱研究

制备了分子式为UO_2A_2·HA的四种铀酰β-二酮配合物,式中HA代表乙酰丙酮、苯甲酰丙酮、二苯甲酰甲烷及2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮等四种β-二酮配体,A为相应的β-二酮阴离子。 研究了这些配合物在4000-150cm~(-1)范围的红外光谱,对一些特征吸收带作了指认,并讨论了它们与配合物结构之间的相互关系。     

用198Au示踪法研究季铵盐体系萃取金

The solvent extraction of KAu(CN)2 from alkaline solution by quaternary ammonium salts (trialkylmethylammonium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) waw investigated by means of ^198Au radioactive tracer method. Various parameters,such as the gold (I) concentration in aqueous phase,the modiffer,emulsifiation at the interface of two phases, and phase ratio used in the extraction of gold (I) were studied. The results demonstrate that almost all gold (I) in the aqueous phase was practically extracted into the organic phase. The water content in the organic phase decreased significantly with increase of gold (I) concentration using long chain alcohol as modifier,in contrast with the system with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as modifier. Emulsification at the interface of two phases decreases with an increase of modifier concentration in the organic phase or with the addition of a small amount of lysozyme into the aqueous phase. The method with ^198Au tracer can be directly used to determine the Au(I) concentration both in aqueous and organic phases, which is especially suitable for the low concentration of Au(I).     

季铵盐体系金的萃取与反萃

在碱性条件下研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)微乳液体系萃取KAu(CN)2. 实验考察了水相金浓度、反萃液中卤素离子、NH4SCN及羟乙基硫醚浓度对金萃取和反萃的影响及有机相中水含量与金萃取的关系. 结果表明：CTAB/己醇/庚烷微乳液体系可将绝大部分金从水相萃取到有机相;随着萃入金的增加,有机相水含量减少. 卤素离子的反萃能力顺序为：KI>KBr>KCl;高KI浓度(>2.0 mol/L)可将有机相中绝大部分(94%)的金反萃出来. 羟乙基硫醚及NH4SCN也是金的良好反萃剂,两者混合可以降低反萃液粘度,又可以减小NH4SCN浓度,而保持较高的金反萃率.     

稠油化学降粘技术研究进展

综述了稠油开采、集输和管道输送中使用的化学降粘剂（主要是油溶性聚合物降粘剂）及化学降粘技术。这是国内外研究、开发均很少的一个领域。全文除前言外包括以下四大论题。①油溶性降粘剂降粘技术：原理,降粘剂结构特点及国内油田应用于稠油井采油的一个实例。②油溶性降粘剂：发展简史,结构类型（主要为共聚物降粘剂）及国内外现场应用的11种商品降粘剂（10种用于长距离管输,1种用于稠油井生产）。③在我国油田的应用问题：集输,水乳化降粘（使用水溶性乳化剂）,作为辅助手段的油溶性降粘剂,稠油改质降粘。④研究中存在的问题与方向：油溶性降粘剂的作用机理及合成中的新思路,适当结构的降粘剂与表面活性剂的复配,化学降粘的局限性。参考文献63条。     

双水相体系从碱性氰化液中萃取分离金研究

报道利用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）／硫酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳＯ４）双水相体系从碱性氰化液中萃取分离金。实验考察初始水相 ｐＨ值,ＰＥＧ及 Ｎａ２ＳＯ４浓度等对 ＫＡｕ（Ｃ）２萃取影响。结果表明：富硫酸钠相（下相）的 ＫＡｕ（ＣＮ）。几乎全部转移到富 ＰＥＧ相（上相）,且与ｐＨ值无关。随ＰＥＧ或Ｎａ２ＳＯ４浓度减小,金的分配系数减小。双水相萃取可能为金分离提供了一种新方法。     

傅立叶变换中红外光纤光谱技术及其应用

本文主要介绍傅立叶变换中红外光纤光谱技术的基本理论、仪器装置和一些应用举例。     

Microscopic mechanism in solvent extraction of Au（CN）2^- by cationic surfactant

1　INTRODUCTIONSince Mooiman, Miller et al[1, 2] reported theirinvestigation in 1983, solvent extraction ofAu(CN)-2 from alkaline cyanide solutions has beenan attractive project. In the recent years, thesestudies have been more and more explored, and therepresentative papers are listed in Refs.[3 17].The solvent extraction of Au(CN)-2 by surfac tant CTMAB(cetyl trimithyl ammonium bromide)has been studied. It is different from the solventextraction of Au(CN…     

掺Er凝胶玻璃中Er离子发光性质的研究

用溶胶－凝胶方法合成了掺铒（掺杂浓度10^20/cm^3)的二氧化硅玻璃。在室温下可产生1.54μm波长的红外荧光。实验结果表明：荧光强度随掺杂浓度的不同而改变，并在0.5W%的掺杂浓度下出现最大值。当温度从4K升至300K时，荧光强度下降了74％。通过FT－IR和EXAFS检测，Er离子与O组成了配位数为8或9的配位结构。     

Interactions Between Metal Ions and Carbohydrates：Coordination Behavior of D-Ribose to Lanthanide Ions

Lanthanum chloride α-D-ribopyranose pentahydrate complex was prepared and speculated its structure from the similar IR spectra of corresponding praseodymium and neodymium-D-ribose complexes, which reveal the coordination behavior of D-ribose to lanthanide ions and give us a model of the interactions between metal ions and carbohydrates.     

CTMAB萃取Au（CN2）2^—体系中盐析剂反常效应

研究了阳离子表面活性剂－萃取剂－惰性稀释剂－Au(CN)2^-体系萃金过程中盐析效应的规律。结果表明盐析剂的加入反而降低了金的萃取率。这说明盐析剂的作用机制与萃合物在负载有机相中的存在状态及结构密切相关。盐析剂的加入降低了水相中水分子的活度,不利于生成有机相中以水分子为桥的CTMA^ ．H2O．TBP缔合大阳离子萃合物。对传统的溶剂萃取盐析效应提出了一些亲的观点。