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1.
针对在复杂、狭窄的非结构化地形下跳跃机器人存在的着陆稳定性和运动连续性的问题,提出了一种形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,简称SMA)智能材料驱动的柔性跳跃机器人,它具有轻质小型、结构简单及连续运动的优点。利用对称的折纸柔性身体减少着陆振动,保证着陆稳定;利用对称的双SMA弹簧拮抗系统实现弹性元件交替变形和储能释能的功能;建立了柔性机器人跳跃运动的理论模型,研究了关键结构尺寸对能量储存和跳跃性能的影响机制,并研制了一款尺寸为6 cm×4 cm×2.5 cm、质量为3.8 g的原理样机。实验结果表明:柔性机器人依靠SMA驱动能够实现跳跃触发和形态恢复,最大跳跃高度和远度分别为8.67 cm和18 cm,并且可以适应不同工作面。该机器人跳跃性能优越,控制顺序简单,可为非结构化地形下完成侦察探测工作奠定基础。 相似文献
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添加不同含量的乳酸钠、双乙酸钠或柠檬酸钠,按照标准配方制作熟火腿.制备后,一部分产品直接进行感官分析,另一部分煮熟、切碎、均匀接种L monocytogenes和L curvatus,真空包装后在4℃储存.与对照组相比,添加2.5%~3.3%的乳酸钠抑制了L monocytogenes和L curvatus的生长.添加0.2%的双乙酸钠对火腿的口感和气味有负面影响.0.1%和0.2%的双乙酸钠对L curvatus没有抑制作用.另一方面,添加1%的缓冲柠檬酸钠可以促进L monocytogenes的生长. 相似文献
4.
Pu Mao Jiping Wang Peng Xiao Lixue Zhang Fang Kang Hao Gong 《Ceramics International》2021,47(1):111-120
In this work, we developed a novel system of isovalent Zr4+ and donor Nb5+ co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics to enhance dielectric response. The influences of Zr4+ and Nb5+ co-substituting on the colossal dielectric response and relaxation behavior of the CCTO ceramics fabricated by a conventional solid-phase synthesis method were investigated methodically. Co-doping of Zr4+ and Nb5+ ions leads to a significant reduction in grain size for the CCTO ceramics sintered at 1060 °C for 10 h. XRD and Raman results of the CaCu3Ti3.8-xZrxNb0.2O12 (CCTZNO) ceramics show a cubic perovskite structure with space group Im-3. The first principle calculation result exhibits a better thermodynamic stability of the CCTO structure co-doped with Zr4+ and Nb5+ ions than that of single-doped with Zr4+ or Nb5+ ion. Interestingly, the CCTZNO ceramics exhibit greatly improved dielectric constant (~105) at a frequency range of 102–105 Hz and at a temperature range of 20–210 °C, indicating a giant dielectric response within broader frequency and temperature ranges. The dielectric properties of CCTZNO ceramics were analyzed from the viewpoints of defect-dipole effect and internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) model. Accordingly, the immensely enhanced dielectric response is primarily ascribed to the complex defect dipoles associated with oxygen vacancies by co-doping Zr4+ and Nb5+ ions into CCTO structure. In addition, the obvious dielectric relaxation behavior has been found in CCTZNO ceramics, and the relaxation process in middle frequency regions is attributed to the grain boundary response confirmed by complex impedance spectroscopy and electric modulus. 相似文献
5.
Bowen Lv Zhaoliang Qu Baosheng Xu Yiguang Wang Daining Fang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(12):16547-16554
A numerical model is developed for surface crack propagation in brittle ceramic coatings, aiming at the intrinsic failure of rare-earth silicate environmental barrier coating systems (EBCs) under combustion conditions in advanced gas turbines. The main features of progressive degradation of EBCs in such conditions are captured, including selective silica vaporization in the top coat due to exposure to water vapor, diffusion path-dependent bond coat oxidation, as well as crack propagation during cyclic thermal loading. In light of these features, user-defined subroutines are implemented in finite element analysis, where surface crack growth is simulated by node separation. Numerical results are validated by existing experimental data, in terms of monosilicate layer thickening, thermal oxide growth, and fracture behaviors. The experimentally observed quasi-linear oxidation in the early stage is also elucidated. Furthermore, it is suggested that surface crack undergoes rapid propagation in the late stage of extended thermal cycling in water vapor and leads to catastrophic failure, driven by both thermal mismatch and oxide growth stresses. The latter is identified as the dominant mechanism of penetration. Based on detailed analyses of failure mechanisms, the optimization strategy of EBCs composition is proposed, balancing the trade-off between mechanical compliance and erosion resistance. 相似文献
6.
Yi Qin Tao Xiong Ting Zhao Jianfeng Zhu Jun Yang Yi Liu Xingang Kong Xiaohan Li 《Ceramics International》2021,47(9):12641-12650
The strengthening method of multi-element M-site solid solution is a common approach to improve mechanical properties of MAX phase ceramic. However, the research on capability of multi-element A-site solid solution to improve mechanical properties has rarely been reported. Thereupon, quasi-high-entropy MAX phase ceramic bulks of Ti2(Al1?xAx)C and Ti3(Al1?xAx)C2 (A = Ga, In, Sn, x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were successfully synthesized by in situ vacuum hot pressing via multi-elements solid solution. The multi-elements solid solution in single-atom thick A layer was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mappings. Effects of doped multi-elements contents on the phase, microstructure, mechanical properties, and high temperature tribological behaviors were studied. Results demonstrated that the Vickers hardness, anisotropic flexural strength, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Ti–Al–C based MAX ceramics could be remarkably improved by constitution of quasi-high-entropy MAX phase in A layers. Moreover, the strengthening and wear mechanisms were also discussed in detail. This method of multi-element solid solution at A-site provides new way to enhance mechanical properties of other MAX phase ceramics. 相似文献
7.
Yan He Kangren Kong Zhengxi Guo Weifeng Fang Zaiqiang Ma Haihua Pan Ruikang Tang Zhaoming Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(26):2101291
Sensitivity and multi-directional motivation are major two factors for developing optimized humidity-response materials, which are promising for sensing, energy production, etc. Organic functional groups are commonly used as the water sensitive units through hydrogen bond interactions with water molecules in actuators. The multi-coordination ability of inorganic ions implies that the inorganic ionic compounds are potentially superior water sensitive units. However, the particle forms of inorganic ionic compounds produced by classical nucleation limit the number of exposed ions to interact with water. Recent progress on the inorganic ionic oligomers has broken through the limitation of classical nucleation, and realized the molecular-scaled incorporation of inorganic ionic compounds into an organic matrix. Here, the incorporation of hydrophilic calcium carbonate ionic oligomers into hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is demonstrated. The ultra-small calcium carbonate oligomers within a PVDF film endow it with an ultra-sensitive, reversible, and bidirectional response. The motivation ability is superior to other bidirectional humidity-actuators at present, which realizes self-motivation on an ice surface, converting the chemical potential energy of the humidity gradient from ice to kinetic energy. 相似文献
8.
自然通风广泛存在于城市之中,了解城市自然通风建筑室内环境质量现状及存在的问题,是改善城市建筑室内环境质量的基础. 通过文献整理,首先研究城市街道峡谷中单侧自然通风的驱动因素,其次从建筑几何特征、通风能力、污染率、颗粒物浓度以及街谷设施等方面综述单侧自然通风的相关研究,最后提出建议. 研究表明,合理的展弦比、更好的城市布局以及精心的街谷设施设计能够最大限度地利用单侧自然通风,提升城市街道峡谷的室内环境品质. 相似文献
9.
为研究铁塔公司发布的最新《低成本铁塔标准图集V1.0》的共享改造能力,文章选取了单斜撑三管塔0.65 kN/m2基本风压下的系列塔图,从各塔段的主管应力比和塔顶位移角两个角度,考虑新增天线设备、馈线、爬梯荷载,以及天线设备之间的相互遮挡,利用有限元软件SAP2000对每种塔型进行了常规设计分析和改造增载后的研究分析.由分析结果可知,每种塔型均有可共享改造能力,且随着塔身高度的增加,共享改造的能力逐渐降低. 相似文献
10.