A multigrid accelerated hybrid unstructured mesh method for 3D compressible turbulent flow

 A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation. The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest. Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410 Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague     

Experimental evidence of a relationship between monomer plasma residence time and carboxyl group retention in acrylic acid plasma polymers

Decreasing carboxyl retention in deposits from the glow region of an acrylic acid plasma was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical derivatisation as the collection distance from the monomer vapour inlet was increased. Volatilisation of plasma polymerised acrylic acid was detected after trifluoroethanol derivatisation; this is correlated with evaporation of low molecular weight components observed previously.     

Clinical study in epidural injection with lappaconitine compound for post-operative analgesia

In this study, the effect and side-effect of epidural injection with lappaconitine compound for post-operative analgesia was observed. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Lappaconitine compound (LB) consisted of 12 mg of lappaconitine and 22.5 mg of bupivacaine, was given to group A (the group of observation), and lappaconitine 12 mg, bupivacaine 22.5 mg and morphine 2 mg to group B, C and D respectively for control. All were given by epidural injection with single blind method during post-operative pain of incision operation. Result showed that the initiating of analgesia was quicker in group A and C than that in group B and D, and the efficacy was group D > A > C > B. There was significant difference between group A and B in the above two parameters, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05. The analgisia maintenence time of single injection was D > A > B > C, that of group D was significantly longer than that of group A (P < 0.01). It indicated that the epidural injection with LB was more rapid and potent than that with lappaconitine alone in post-operative analgesia, and the former had no side-effect, it was safer than morphine.     

A linkage map of human chromosome 21:43 PCR markers at average intervals of 2.5 cM

A genetic linkage map of human chromosome 21q (HC21q) containing 43 markers genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction in the CEPH pedigrees is presented. The markers placed on this map are highly polymorphic with an average heterozygosity of 61%. The average interval size of the markers localized at 1000:1 odds is 2.5 cM. The map has a total length of 65.5 cM, with male and female lengths of 47.7 and 83.3 cM, respectively. The genotypes used in the construction of this map were subjected to rigorous error checking, which is reflected in the shorter map length compared to previous maps; the estimated error rate in genotyping is less than 0.04%. As noted in previous linkage maps there is increased recombination in females on proximal HC 21q and in the male in a region near the telomere. This map of HC 21 represents a highly informative and dense meiotic linkage map and will be useful in linking disease phenotypes to loci on this chromosome.     

Solving ML equations for 2-parameter Poisson-process models forungrouped software-failure data

Existence conditions are given for maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimates for several families of 2-parameter software-reliability Poisson-process models. For each such model, the ML equations can be expressed in terms of one equation in one unknown. Bounds are given on solutions to these one equation problems to serve as initial intervals for search algorithms like bisection. Uniqueness of the solutions is established in some cases. Solutions are also tabulated for certain simple cases. Results are given for ungrouped failure data (exact times are available for all failures). ML estimation problems for such a situation are treated as limiting cases of problems based on failure times grouped into intervals of decreasing mesh