炮采放顶煤工作面采空区顶板抽放瓦斯实践

文章介绍了高瓦斯炮采放顶煤工作面采空区煤层顶板抽放瓦斯的实践,通过对钻场中钻孔抽放过程的跟踪测试、观察、归纳分析,总结出提高瓦斯抽放效率的最佳顶板裂隙带高度,并对关键性技术要点和裂隙带高度的确定提供了理论判定方法。     

基于三维漏磁测量的腐蚀检测探头设计

在传统一维漏磁检测的基础上,为了获取更多特征信息以提高漏磁检测对缺陷的识别能力,提出了三维漏磁检测新方法.较传统一维检测,三维漏磁检测对信号采集系统有着更高的要求,本文适时提出了一种适应三维漏磁检测的磁场测量探头的设计方案,并已经在实验现场得到应用.     

血管紧张素(1-7)的神经活性研究进展

血管紧张素(1-7)［angiotensin(1-7),Ang(1-7)］通过肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)新的作用分支血管紧张素转化酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)-血管紧张素(1-7)-Mas受体(ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas)轴反向调节经典ACE-AngII-AT受体轴。Ang(1-7)广泛存在于下丘脑视上核和室旁核,可以通过缓激肽、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、环氧合酶(COX)及一些信号通路影响其他中枢神经递质的合成及释放,发挥扩张血管、抗心律失常、抗炎等作用,达到保护心血管及中枢神经系统的效果。本文就Ang(1-7)的分布及在中枢神经系统中多样性的生物功能作一综述。     

旋转导向钻井系统中振动加速度的消除方法

在钻井过程中,钻头切削岩层、钻柱与井壁的碰撞,必然造成钻井工具的振动,这些振动会在测斜加速度传感器的输出上得到反映,使其不能真实地反映井眼姿态的变化。为及时得到准确的井眼姿态,有必要研究振动条件下传感器的输出规律,进而消除振动的影响。从室内模拟振动实验的原始数据入手,通过Matlab对传感器输出信号进行功率谱密度估计,得出了振动频率与转速的大致关系,并设计了具有针对性的滤波器。通过对实验数据分析处理,振动干扰信号的能量得到大幅衰减,测斜传感器3个敏感轴的输出波动明显减小,提高了姿态测量的准确性,从而验证了该方法在旋转导向系统中是可行的。     

Centriacinar remodeling and sustained procollagen gene expression after exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide

Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone (O3), to 14.4 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or to both gases simultaneously for 6 h per day for up to 90 d. The extent of histopathologic changes within the central acinus of the lungs was compared after 7 or 78 to 90 d of exposure using morphometric analysis by placement of concentric arcs radiating outward from a single reference point at the level of the bronchiole- alveolar duct junction. Lesions in the lungs of rats exposed to the mixture of gases extended approximately twice as far into the acinus as in those exposed to each individual gas. The extent of tissue involvement was the same at 78 to 90 d as noted at 7 d in all exposure groups. At the end of exposure, in situ hybridization for procollagen types I and III demonstrated high levels of messenger RNA within central acini in the lungs of animals exposed to the combination of O3 and NO2. In contrast, animals exposed to each individual gas had a similar pattern of message expression compared with that seen in control animals, although centriacinar histologic changes were still significantly different from control animals. We conclude that the progressive pulmonary fibrosis that occurs in rats exposed to the combination of O3 and NO2 is due to sustained, elevated expression of the genes for procollagen types I and III. This effect at the gene level is correlated with the more severe histologic lesions seen in animals exposed to both O3 and NO2 compared with those exposed to each individual gas. In contrast, the sustained expression of the procollagen genes is not associated with a shift in the distribution of the lesions because the area of change in each group after 7 d of exposure was the same as after 78 to 90 d of exposure.     

The crystal structure of human procathepsin K

Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease present in human osteoclasts that plays an important role in bone resorption. Cathepsin K is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme and activated under conditions of low pH. Autoproteolytic processing of the N-terminal 99 amino acid propeptide produces the active, mature form of cathepsin K. It is presumed that the activation of procathepsin K in vivo occurs in the bone resorption pit, which has a low-pH environment. We have determined the structure of human procathepsin K at 2.8 A resolution. The structure of the mature enzyme domain within procathepsin K is virtually identical to that of mature cathepsin K. The fold of the propeptide of procathepsin K is similar to that observed in procathepsins B and L despite differences in length and sequence. A portion of the propeptide occupies the active site cleft of cathepsin K. Hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges, and hydrogen-bonding interactions are observed in the structure of the propeptide and between the propeptide and the mature enzyme of procathepsin K. These interactions suggest an explanation for the stability of the proenzyme. The structure of procathepsin K contributes to an understanding of the molecular basis of inhibition by the propeptide portion of the molecule and activation of this important member of the cysteine protease family.     

Perception of solar UVB radiation by phytophagous insects: behavioral responses and ecosystem implications

Most of our present knowledge about the impacts of solar UVB radiation on terrestrial ecosystems comes from studies with plants. Recently, the effects of UVB on the growth and survival of consumer species have begun to receive attention, but very little is known about UVB impacts on animal behavior. Here we report that manipulations of the flux of solar UVB received by field-grown soybean crops had large and consistent effects on the density of the thrips (Caliothrips phaseoli, Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations that invaded the canopies, as well as on the amount of leaf damage caused by the insects. Solar UVB strongly reduced thrips herbivory. Thrips not only preferred leaves from plants that were not exposed to solar UVB over leaves from UVB-exposed plants in laboratory and field choice experiments, but they also appeared to directly sense and avoid exposure to solar UVB. Additional choice experiments showed that soybean leaf consumption by the late-season soybean worm Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was much less intense in leaves with even slight symptoms of an early thrips attack than in undamaged leaves. These experiments suggest that phytophagous insects can present direct and indirect behavioral responses to solar UVB. The indirect responses are mediated by changes in the plant host that are induced by UVB and, possibly, by other insects whose behavior is affected by UVB.     

Neurolin Ig domain 2 participates in retinal axon guidance and Ig domains 1 and 3 in fasciculation

The optic disk-directed growth of retinal ganglion cell axons is markedly disturbed in the presence of polyclonal antineurolin antibodies, which mildly affect fasciculation (Ott, H., M. Bastmeyer, and C.A.O. Stuermer, 1998. J. Neurosci. 18:3363-3372). New monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against goldfish neurolin, an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion/recognition molecule with five Ig domains, were generated to assign function (guidance versus fasciculation) to specific Ig domains. By their ability or failure to recognize Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing recombinant neurolin with deletions of defined Ig domains, mAbs were identified as being directed against Ig domains 1, 2, or 3, respectively. Repeated intraocular injections of a mAb against Ig domain 2 disturb the disk-directed growth: axons grow in aberrant routes and fail to reach the optic disk, but remain fasciculated. mAbs against Ig domains 1 and 3 disturb the formation of tight fascicles. mAb against Ig domain 2 significantly increases the incidence of growth cone departure from the disk-oriented fascicle track, while mAbs against Ig domains 1 and 3 do not. This was demonstrated by time-lapse videorecording of labeled growth cones. Thus, Ig domain 2 of neurolin is apparently essential for growth cone guidance towards the disk, presumably by being part of a receptor (or complex) for an axon guidance component.