Effect of Yeast Extracts Containing Propionic Acid on Bread Dough Fermentation and Bread Properties

ABSTRACT: Three commercial yeast extracts (Oxoid, Champlain, Lallemand) fermented with immobilized cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii were added in broths and bread formulations, and their effect on growth and gas production by bakers yeast was determined. Appearance and preservation of the breads were examined. There was significantly more gas produced by the yeast when fermented yeast extracts were added to the dough. In broths, the initial growth rate was slower with media containing fermented yeast extract when compared to their unfermented equivalents. Loaves formulated with propionic acid of the fermented yeast extract contained less ethanol. Paired t-tests showed that breads formulated with fermented yeast extract were protected for a longer period against mold than those that contained non-fermented yeast extract.     

Lateral-mode analysis of narrow-stripe semiconductor lasers with acylindrically concave end facet

A beam-propagation method is used to investigate numerically the lateral-mode characteristics of GaAlAs semiconductor lasers having a cylindrically concave facet at one end. Various degrees of index guiding have been considered. Simulations were made for both below- and above-threshold regimes. As expected, the numerical results show that the optical beam divergence parallel to the junction plane can be significantly reduced. In addition, this far-field narrowing is accompanied by lower threshold currents. However, for values of the radius of curvature of the concave facet lying in some specific ranges, the losses of the fundamental lateral mode are higher than that calculated for conventional lasers, and the corresponding eigenvalue shows nonmonotonic variations as the injection current is increased. This phenomenon is due to an enhancement of the index antiguiding over the gain-guiding mechanism     

老龄飞机腐蚀预防和控制

本文针对国航西南公司飞机维修基地经历的因腐蚀所引起的人力消耗、材料消耗、高昂的修理费用和飞机长期停留机库的事件，描述和分析了金属腐蚀的起因、影响腐蚀速率的因素和国航西南公司飞机维修基地老龄飞机腐蚀预防和控制程序及措施，其目的是控制腐蚀在较好水平，并以低维修成本保障飞机安全性、可靠性和适航性。     

材料化学工程科学内涵及方法初探:从介观尺度界面流体行为出发认知材料

作为一门新兴的交叉学科,材料化学工程科学内涵的进一步凝练和方法论的建立显得十分重要和迫切。介观尺度下界面流体的研究对于材料化学工程具有重要意义,材料化学工程的科学内涵在于通过认识介观尺度下界面处流体行为来"认知"材料,以期建立材料结构、性能(应用)与制备(生产)三者之间的关系。其中,弄清介观尺度下复杂作用和复杂结构对界面流体行为的影响,是"认知"材料的关键。分子模拟技术作为单因素遴选介观尺度各影响因素的有效手段,在实际应用中存在两大难点:如何同时获得界面流体反应和传递两个方面的信息;如何实现分子层面认识在材料应用层面的转化。基于此,初步讨论了材料化学工程研究方法的发展趋势。     

Effect of dynamic vulcanization on the microstructure and performance of polyethylene terephthalate/elastomer blends

Blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene‐ethyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride terpolymer (E‐EA‐MAH) were dynamically crosslinked in a one‐step extrusion process. An amine‐terminated glycol reacting with MAH moieties was used as the crosslinking agent. The effect of blend composition and dynamic crosslinking on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Blend ratios ranging from 80:20 to 20:80 PET/E‐EA‐MAH were studied. The region of phase inversion was located for uncrosslinked and dynamically crosslinked blends. The rheological characterization was also carried out for these blends in comparison with the neat materials. After dynamic crosslinking, the phase inversion is shifted from the 30–40% range to the 70–80% range of elastomer content. This shift is induced by the increase of viscosity and elasticity of the network formed. Dynamically crosslinked blends show significant improvements in impact strength but also exhibit a decrease in elongation at break.     

CO2-H2O和CO2-H2O-NaCl 体系的相平衡研究进展

To study the feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration,it is needed to understand the complicated mul- tiple-phase equilibrium and the densities of aqueous solution with CO2 and multi-ions under wide geological condi- tions（273.15—473.15K,0—60MPa）,which are also essential for designing separation equipments in chemical or oil-related industries.For this purpose,studies on the relevant phase equilibria and densities are reviewed and analyzed and the method to improve or modify the existing model is suggested in order to obtain more reliable predictions in a wide temperature and pressure range.Besides,three different models（the electrolyte non random two-liquid（ELECNRTL）,the electrolyte NRTL combining with Helgeson model（ENRTL-HG）,Pitzer activity coefficient model combining with Helgeson model（PITZ-HG））are used to calculate the vapor-liquid phase equilib- rium of CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems.For CO2-H2O system,the calculation results agree with the experimental data very well at low and medium pressure（0—20MPa）,but there are great discrepancies above 20MPa.For the water content at 473.15K,the calculated results agree with the experimental data quite well.For the CO2-H2O-NaCl system,the PITZ-HG model show better results than ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models at the NaCl concentration of 0.52mol·L ^-1 .Bur for the NaCl concentration of 3.997mol·L ^-1 ,using the ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models gives better results than using the PITZ-HG model.It is shown that available experimental data and the thermodynamic calculations can satisfy the needs of the calculation of the sequestration capacity in the temperature and pressure range for disposal of CO2 in deep saline aquifers.More experimental data and more accurate thermodynamic calculations are needed in high temperature and pressure ranges（above 398.15K and 31.5MPa）.     

TiO2/Al2O3薄膜对金刚石表面改性研究

采用溶胶涂膜工艺在金刚石表面涂覆TiO_2/Al_2O_3薄膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、红外光谱仪、掠入式X射线衍射仪、接触角测定仪、Zeta电位分析仪及陶瓷高温物相仪等,对涂覆TiO_2/Al_2O_3薄膜前后的金刚石表面形貌及其性能进行了测定与分析。测定结果表明:选用溶胶涂膜工艺,可以在金刚石表面涂覆TiO_2/Al_2O_3薄膜,两者界面间以C—O—Ti和Ti—O—Al化学键结合;TiO_2/Al_2O_3薄膜的晶型结构主要为锐钛矿、金红石相、γ-Al_2O_3和Al_2TiO_5等物质;涂覆TiO_2/Al_2O_3薄膜后,能有效改善金刚石的表面亲水性能及陶瓷的高温润湿性能。     

厌氧/特异性移动床生物膜反应器处理焦化废水

采用厌氧/特异性移动床生物膜反应器(AMBBR/SMBBR)工艺对焦化废水进行生物降解,在单因素实验基础上,通过基于Box-Behnken设计的响应面法对SMBBR实验参数进行优化,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)检测各单元废水中有机组分变化,探究有机污染物降解机理。结果表明,工艺运行参数在DO的质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH为8、HRT为5 d时处理效能最高,COD去除率达84.51%。系统中污染物降解过程服从一级反应动力学关系,污染物降解效率明显优于传统活性污泥法。AMBBR可通过厌氧消化有效降解酚类、喹啉和吲哚等有机物;SMBBR中好氧曝气能够进一步降解2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷、丁酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯和苯酚等有机污染物。A/SMBBR组合工艺为焦化废水的高效处理提供了新方案。