铬盐清洁生产工艺中铝的脱除

分析了K2Cr2O7清洁生产工艺中Al(Ⅲ）-K2CrO4-K2Cr2O7-H2O体系的离子平衡，推导出25℃时混合溶液中[Al(Ⅲ）]和[H^ ],[Cr2O7^2-]/[CrO4^2-]之间的对应关系。并由实验测定验证了这一关系。提出了通过调整K2CrO4碳酸化反应转化率来降低体系中Al(Ⅲ）杂质含量的新方法。工业试验已证明了其可行性。     

稳定高产黄酮的水母雪莲细胞系的建立

利用60Co-γ射线照射、高温诱变和紫外光线照射等手段诱变雪莲愈伤组织,结果表明:剂量为40Gy的60Co-γ射线照射原始雪莲细胞系RP-1得到的IRP-5细胞系,黄酮含量可从细胞干重的4.34%提高至6%.分别采用温度和紫外光线等手段诱变IRP-5细胞系得到的细胞系TIP-33和UIP-17,相应的黄酮含量可提高至10.1%和8.8%.用上述三种诱变方法处理原始雪莲细胞系,获得了一株稳定高产雪莲细胞系TUIP-8,黄酮含量大于12%,比天然植株高20～30倍,连续传代培养100代,细胞的培养密度和黄酮含量一直维持在20g(干重)/L和12%～14%左右.考察了温度对TUIP-8细胞悬浮培养的影响,该细胞系可以在20～30℃环境中生长,最适培养温度范围为20～25℃.     

大洋多金属结核的非冶金加工应用

基于大洋多金属结核具有的特殊物理化学性质,本文重点介绍国内外开展的大洋多金属结核非冶金加工利用的研究情况。     

纤维素酶固态发酵环境扫描电镜观察

纤维素酶压力脉动固态发酵周期（60h）比传统固态发酵周期缩短1/3，酶活（2036IU/g）比传统酶活（10.82IU/g）提高了一倍。利用环境扫描电镜观察压力脉动固态发酵与传统固态发酵微观动态过程表明，压力脉动固态培养的料层（9.0cm厚）上中下微生物生长状况均匀一致，且疏松；而传统固态发酵的料层中部几乎没有菌体生长。并且发现微生物产孢初期，其产酶即停止，压力脉动固态发酵在72h开始产生孢子，其产酶达到最高峰；而传统发酵在96h才出现大量的孢子。     

汽爆秸秆对磷矿粉溶解作用及其溶解残渣对小麦生长的影响

为探究生物质对磷矿粉的溶解作用，以玉米秸秆为原料，利用蒸汽爆破（汽爆）技术释放有机酸，在高温水热条件下溶解磷矿粉并制备含磷腐殖酸。通过实验对汽爆秸秆溶解磷矿粉工艺进行了探究及优化，并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线荧光光谱（XRF）进行分析和表征。研究结果表明：15 g汽爆秸秆与1 g磷矿粉以及75 mL水在170℃、加入10% CaCl₂的条件下，反应3 h的溶磷量为1.46 mg/g（以秸秆质量计，下同）。加入与磷矿粉相同质量的NaHSO₄后可使体系pH值降低至2，pH值的降低是磷溶出的关键因素，溶磷量提高为13.10 mg/g。溶磷后的秸秆制备腐殖酸作为小麦盆栽肥料，用量0.2%时，小麦株高、根长、叶绿素含量和相对电导率均显著高于空白组。     

木质素综合利用的研究进展

介绍了不同过程分离得到的木质素在工业、生理生化以及农业生产三个领域的应用现状与发展趋势。综述了木质素在这些领域中的应用价值与开发潜力。     

STUDIES ON GAS-LIQUID-SUSPENDED SOLID MULTIDECK GAS LIFT REACTOR

Following the work on gas lift reactor (Pachuca tank) for gas-liquid-suspended solid 3-phase reaction,multideck gas lift reactors have been developed.This type of reactor has many unique advantages suchas realization of counter-current operation between gas and slurry,reduction of gas consumption and lower-ing of the amount of volatile components of the liquid which has to be recovered from the exit gas.The stability of the overflow tube of the reactor was studied.A semiempirical equation was derived tocalculate the flooding point of the reactor.The operating range of the overflow tube was also deter-mined.This multideck reactor has been operated successfully in a pilot plant of ammonia leaching of copperore.Results agree reasonably well with those predicted from small scale batch experiments.The extractionof vanadium from soda roasted steel slag in a 5-deck reactor with carbon dioxide in the gas phase wasalso satisfactory.Experimental results obtained from the continuous flow 5-deck reactor and those calcu-lated from batch experimental data with CSTR model were in agreement.     

A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE EXTENT OF REACTION OF SOLID PARTICLES WITH FLUID IN COMPLETELY MIXED REACTORS CONNECTED IN SERIES

When solid particles react with a fluid,the overall rate is influened by the fraction of the solidunconverted as well as by the operating conditions such as temperature and pressure.Calculation of solidsconversion in the individual reactor of a multi-stage reactor system has therefore to be based upon thesolids residence time distribution (RTD) in the respective stages.By using either the Dirac function δ(0) or the probability density function of the sum of independentrandom variables,the solids RTD in any stage of completely mixed reactors connected in series with nointerstage backflow has been obtained.The latter method has also been used in deriving general formu-las for the calculation of solids conversion when the order of chemical reaction is simple.For complexchemical reaction rate equations a stagewise procedure for numerical computation is proposed,and twocases are discussed according to whether the rate equation is expressed in its integral or differential formrespectively.     

氧化铬清洁生产新工艺中钾碱的再生

研究了蔗糖水热还原Cr(Ⅵ）制备氧化铬的绿色工艺过程，对过程中滤液处理与钾碱再生进行了研究，探讨了碳酸化工艺条件CO2分压PCO2、碳酸化时间tc、碳酸化温度Tc及搅拌速率Sc对CO2吸收过程的影响规律，确定了滤波碳酸化处理的最适宜工艺条件为PCO2＝0．2MPa,Tc=50℃，Sc=1200r/min；tc视处理液量而定。     

水热法还原铬酸钾/重铬酸钾制备水合氧化铬的实验

研究了水热法蔗糖还原铬酸钾/重铬酸钾为水合氧化铬的工艺过程. 考察了蔗糖用量比Rm、等温温度Tiso与等温时间tiso对Cr(VI)还原过程的影响规律，并通过L9(34)正交试验得出了三个因素的相对影响程度为tiso相似文献