从党章的历史沿革看百年大党的辉煌历程

研究聚焦历次党代会对党章的制定修改,从党史中探究党的成功之道.通过系统梳理、深入探究,从中不难获得明理、增信、崇德、力行四个层面的重要启示.一是明理,从党的指导思想与时俱进中明白我们党的历史就是一部不断推进马克思主义中国化的历史;二是增信,通过历史比较分析的方法,深刻理解中国共产党为什么能,从而自觉增强信仰信念;三是崇德,明确了党章的功能地位和时代特色,自觉把党章作为根本依据和标准来加强党性修养;四是力行,通过学习增强党员意识、党章意识、宗旨意识,做到悟思想办实事.通过党章的历史沿革,总结发现百年大党的成功之道关键在于六个方面的重要坚持,即坚持党的领导、坚持中国特色社会主义道路、坚持科学理论指导、坚持改革开放、坚持以人民为中心的执政理念、坚持中国特色社会主义制度.     

话语权视阈下双边口译员翻译行为研究

双边口译员的角色或立场描述已从传统观念认为的"隐身""传送带""管道"等转变成"显身""交际促成人""文化斡旋人"等更为宽泛的解释.究其原因,前人所做的研究大都以译员角色为载体,从目的论、话语分析或跨文化交际的角度进行分析.文章则试图以翻译行为为载体,结合口译案例,从话语权的角度对该问题进行阐释,研究结果表明:译员对交际目标的把握是保证话语含意推理正确的关键,其推理结果会产生不同的翻译行为,包括语义行为、语用行为和功能翻译行为.     

Regression analysis of case-cohort studies in the presence of dependent interval censoring

The case-cohort design is widely used as a means of reducing the cost in large cohort studies, especially when the disease rate is low and covariate measurements may be expensive, and has been discussed by many authors. In this paper, we discuss regression analysis of case-cohort studies that produce interval-censored failure time with dependent censoring, a situation for which there does not seem to exist an established approach. For inference, a sieve inverse probability weighting estimation procedure is developed with the use of Bernstein polynomials to approximate the unknown baseline cumulative hazard functions. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and the asymptotic normality of the resulting regression parameter estimators is established. A simulation study is conducted to assess the finite sample properties of the proposed approach and indicates that it works well in practical situations. The proposed method is applied to an HIV/AIDS case-cohort study that motivated this investigation.     

An additive–multiplicative mean model for panel count data with dependent observation and dropout processes

This paper discusses regression analysis of panel count data with dependent observation and dropout processes. For the problem, a general mean model is presented that can allow both additive and multiplicative effects of covariates on the underlying point process. In addition, the proportional rates model and the accelerated failure time model are employed to describe possible covariate effects on the observation process and the dropout or follow‐up process, respectively. For estimation of regression parameters, some estimating equation‐based procedures are developed and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. In addition, a resampling approach is proposed for estimating a covariance matrix of the proposed estimator and a model checking procedure is also provided. Results from an extensive simulation study indicate that the proposed methodology works well for practical situations, and it is applied to a motivating set of real data.     

CEO Power and Nonprofit Financial Performance: Evidence from Chinese Philanthropic Foundations

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - CEO power and its implications are neglected in research on nonprofit governance. This is surprising considering the...     

出土文物与当代历史地理学的互证——中华人民共和国成立以来从出土文物研究历史地理述评

出土文物作为 “二重证据法”的重要实物史料，已经普遍应用于中国古代史等研究领域，历史地理研究也不例外。从20世纪50年代开始，历史地理学者围绕鄂君启节、出土地图、出土简牍与出土隋唐墓志为主展开相关研究，利用新中国出土文物对我国历史时期的水陆交通路线、历史政区、历史地图编绘及其反映的丰富内涵、地名、乡村和基层社会诸方面进行了多角度、多方位的研究，出版了大量研究成果，从一个侧面反映了当代中国历史地理学的学科发展特征。但同时也存在对出土文物的历史地理内容和价值做单个的、独立的研究较多，综合的、全面的研究较少的问题，出土文物与传世历史文献的比勘、印证分析往往有所缺失，提高到科学方法论的研究也相对较少，见木不见林的现象较为普遍。     

Living on the Edge: Neighborhood Boundaries and the Spatial Dynamics of Violent Crime

Neighborhood boundaries are a defining aspect of highly segregated urban areas. Yet, few studies examine the particular challenges and spatial processes that occur at the bordering region between two neighborhoods. Extending the growing literature on spatial interdependence, this article argues that neighborhood boundaries—defined as sharp changes in the racial or socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods—are a salient feature of the spatial structure with implications for violent crime and other outcomes. Boundaries lack the social control and cohesion of adjacent homogeneous areas, are contested between groups provoking intergroup conflict, and create opportunities for criminal behavior. This article presents evidence linking racial neighborhood boundaries to increased violent crime. The findings illustrate the importance of neighborhood boundaries for our understanding of spatial dimensions of population dynamics above and beyond the characteristics of neighborhoods.     

Long-Term Earnings Differentials Between African American and White Men by Educational Level

This paper investigates long-term earnings differentials between African American and white men using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to 30 years of their longitudinal earnings as recorded by the Social Security Administration. Given changing labor market conditions over three decades, we focus on how racial differentials vary by educational level because the latter has important and persistent effects on labor market outcomes over the course of an entire work career. The results show that the long-term earnings of African American men are more disadvantaged at lower levels of educational attainment. Controlling for demographic characteristics, work disability, and various indicators of educational achievement does not explain the lower long-term earnings of less-educated black men in comparison to less-educated white men. The interaction arises because black men without a high school degree have a larger number of years of zero earnings during their work careers. Other results show that this racial interaction by educational level is not apparent in cross-sectional data which do not provide information on the accumulation of zero earnings over the course of 30 years. We interpret these findings as indicating that compared to either less-educated white men or highly educated black men, the long-term earnings of less-educated African American men are likely to be more negatively affected by the consequences of residential and economic segregation, unemployment, being out of the labor force, activities in the informal economy, incarceration, and poorer health.     

The Use of the Partnering Concept for Public–Private Collaboration: How Well Does it Really Work?

This paper critically scrutinizes the key success factors and tools described in the partnering literature by exploring how they are implemented in a public–private partnering collaboration. In addition to this the paper investigates to what extent these tools facilitate the relationship between the parties in a partnering process. The empirical data consist of two longitudinal case studies. Both cases are large and complex urban development projects in the Swedish water and sewage industry. The results from the cases were ambiguous and positive; as well, some negative outcomes were present. Further, the processes were in both cases far from easy and it required a lot of effort from the parties in the collaboration to make the collaboration work and establish a culture based on trust, especially higher up in the organization. As could be expected, the reality is thus far more complex and cumbersome than previous studies indicate.     

The Evolving and Complementary Impacts of Transportation Infrastructures on Population and Employment Change in the United States, 1970–2010

Transportation infrastructures play an essential role in influencing population and employment change. While railroads, highways, and airports were constructed in different time periods, now they complement each other in terms of providing accessibility. This study uses county-level data to examine the impacts of the three forms of transportation infrastructure on population and employment change in the continental United States from 1970 to 2010. The findings suggest that transportation infrastructures play evolving but complementary roles in affecting population and employment change during the study period: railroads act as a distributive factor, highways take a facilitator role, and airports behave like growth poles. Diversification of the roles indicates that transportation infrastructures have evolved from a pure growth factor to an essential multifaceted development element of human society.