Some count-based nonparametric tests for circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution

In this paper, we revisit the problem of testing of the hypothesis of circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution. We propose some nonparametric tests based on sector counts. These include tests based on chi-square goodness-of-fit test, the classical likelihood ratio, mean deviation, and the range. The proposed tests are easy to implement and the exact null distributions for small sample sizes of the test statistics are obtained. Two examples with small and large data sets are given to illustrate the application of the tests proposed. For small and moderate sample sizes, the performances of the proposed tests are evaluated using empirical powers (empirical sizes are also reported). Also, we evaluate the performance of these count-based tests with adaptations of several well-known tests such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov-type tests, tests based on kernel density estimator, and the Wilcoxon-type tests. It is observed that among the count-based tests the likelihood ratio test performs better.     

Toward General Principles for Resilience Engineering

Maintaining the performance of infrastructure-dependent systems in the face of surprises and unknowable risks is a grand challenge. Addressing this issue requires a better understanding of enabling conditions or principles that promote system resilience in a universal way. In this study, a set of such principles is interpreted as a group of interrelated conditions or organizational qualities that, taken together, engender system resilience. The field of resilience engineering identifies basic system or organizational qualities (e.g., abilities for learning) that are associated with enhanced general resilience and has packaged them into a set of principles that should be fostered. However, supporting conditions that give rise to such first-order system qualities remain elusive in the field. An integrative understanding of how such conditions co-occur and fit together to bring about resilience, therefore, has been less clear. This article contributes to addressing this gap by identifying a potentially more comprehensive set of principles for building general resilience in infrastructure-dependent systems. In approaching this aim, we organize scattered notions from across the literature. To reflect the partly self-organizing nature of infrastructure-dependent systems, we compare and synthesize two lines of research on resilience: resilience engineering and social-ecological system resilience. Although some of the principles discussed within the two fields overlap, there are some nuanced differences. By comparing and synthesizing the knowledge developed in them, we recommend an updated set of resilience-enhancing principles for infrastructure-dependent systems. In addition to proposing an expanded list of principles, we illustrate how these principles can co-occur and their interdependencies.     

Essential Micro‐foundations for Contemporary Business Operations: Top Management Tangible Competencies,Relationship‐based Business Networks and Environmental Sustainability

Although various studies have emphasized linkages between firm competencies, networks and sustainability at organizational level, the links between top management tangible competencies (TMTCs) (e.g. contemporary relevant quantitative‐focused education such as big data analytics and data‐driven applications linked with the internet of things, relevant experience and analytical business applications), relationship‐based business networks (RBNs) and environmental sustainability have not been well established at micro‐level, and there is a literature gap in terms of investigating these relationships. This study examines these links based on the unique data collected from 175 top management representatives (chief executive officers and managing directors) working in food import and export firms headquartered in the UK and New Zealand. Our results from structural equation modelling indicate that TMTCs are the key determinants for building RBNs, mediating the correlation between TMTCs and environmental sustainability. Directly, the competencies also play a vital role towards environmental practices. The findings further depict that relationship‐oriented firms perform better compared to those which focus less on such networks. Consequently, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the micro‐foundations of environmental sustainability based on TMTCs rooted in the resource‐based view and RBNs entrenched in social network theory. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, and we provide suggestions for future research.     

What's love got to do with it? Passion and inequality in white‐collar work

Emotion has become an increasingly important aspect of work in the 21st century. In this article, we take stock of the extant literature delineating the role of emotions, especially passion as a cultural schema, in white‐collar workplaces. Scholars have covered extensive ground on emotions at work, but the role of passion remains an underexplored yet significant area. Drawing from recent developments in research on white‐collar work, we argue that the passion schema has become a critical marker in the labor market for sorting individuals into occupations, hiring and promotion within organizations, and assigning value to people's labor. Emergent research suggests that because the expression and perception of passion remain ambiguously defined in the workplace and varies by context, it is pivotal in reproducing social inequalities. In this review, we focus on how privileging passion in the workplace and interpreting it as a measure of aptitude impacts social inequalities by race, gender, and social class. We close by setting an agenda for further research on this topic.     

How Women Talk in Indian Democracy

Qualitative Sociology - In democracies, political institutions based on deliberation offer citizens scope for talk-based participation in development and governance. A prominent example is the...     

区域社会史视野下的"客家"称谓由来考论--以清代以来赣南的"客佃"、"客籍"与"客家"为例

针对目前客家学界认为今日"客家"的名称产生于明清时期,等同于明清文献中的"客佃"、"客籍"这一流行观点,本文以清代以来赣南文献中的"客佃"、"客籍"与"客家"为例,从区域社会史的角度对这些术语的具体历史语境和历史内涵进行考察和分析.指出清代的"客佃"、"客籍"作为清代移垦过程和户籍制度背景下特定的历史产物,其实是一个与"土著"、"土籍"相对的移民范畴,而今日所谓的"客家",则是在晚清民国以来社会文化变迁和学术发展背景下出现或建构的一个具有人类学意义的民系范畴,二者完全属于不同的历史范畴,故而不能相提并论.     

我国现行宪法中“政治权利”的概念解读——基于文义解释的维度

从普通含义和专业含义两个维度解读我国宪法文本中的政治权利概念,政治权利的内涵可被理解为"参与国家政治生活的权利",而其外延则是不确定的,但至少包含选举权与被选举权,担任公职权和言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由等三项权利。并且从《宪法》第34条但书规范的解释角度,我们也无法得出我国宪法文本中的政治权利仅限于选举权与被选举权的结论。     

失去乡村的中国教育和失去教育的中国乡村——一个华北山区村落的个案观察

在现代化和全球化发展过程中,中国城乡教育因急速变迁而产生了痛楚。在打破传统中国“无差别统一的城乡良性循环”,推进近代“新式教育”以来,城市剥削和压迫乡村的城乡关系就决定了中国教育一步步地失去乡村,失去了传统中国的乡村文化和乡村价值。21世纪以来的“办学城镇化”更进一步在空间上和地理位置上使得中国教育失去乡村。一百多年来,中国教育不断地接受逐步失去“乡村”的事实,中国乡村也在外部压力下被迫应对“新式教育”以及“办学城镇化”的诸多调整,最终促成了今日我们看到的中国乡村教育之现实：如果说乡村有教育,也是城市的教育！     

少数民族地区基层公务员晋升的影响因素研究——基于县处级正职领导干部的履历分析

由于自然环境、地理位置和历史等原因,我国少数民族地区经济社会发展长期落后于沿海发达地区,经济的"马太效应"直接波及到人才工作,反过来又制约了民族地区的经济社会发展。本文搜集并整理了西部G省L自治州2012年至今在任的226名县处级正职领导干部的简历,结合访谈与座谈的方式,从个人基本特征、从政经历和关系网络三个维度对影响少数民族地区基层公务员晋升的相关因素做了多元线性回归分析,剖析了我国少数民族地区基层公务员的晋升特点及规律,并提出了相关完善基层公务员晋升机制与干部人事制度改革的政策建议。